The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences on October 13 to Joel Mokyr (Northwestern University), Philippe Aghion (Collège de France / INSEAD / LSE), and Peter Howitt (Brown University) 'for having explained innovation-driven economic growth'. The prize of 11 million Swedish kronor was split — half to Mokyr for identifying prerequisites of sustained technological growth, and half jointly to Aghion and Howitt for their 'creative destruction' model (rooted in their landmark 1992 article). Their work builds on Schumpeter's idea that old industries must be displaced by new, innovation-led ones. The research has profound implications for India, which still lags in transitioning from capital-accumulation to innovation-driven growth. Only 51.6% of Indians (age 25+) have completed secondary education vs. 78.6% in China.