ISRO's PSLV-C62 mission, the 64th flight of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, failed on 12 January 2026 after a third-stage (PS3) anomaly — the same stage that doomed PSLV-C61 in May 2025. The rocket lifted off at 10:17 hrs IST from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. The first and second stages performed normally, but telemetry data revealed a drop in chamber pressure and deviation in roll-rates just prior to third-stage separation, resulting in complete mission failure and loss of all 16 satellites aboard. The primary payload was EOS-N1 (codenamed 'Anvesha'), a strategic Earth Observation Satellite built by DRDO for high-resolution surveillance, intended for use by India's defence and intelligence establishment. The 16 satellites also included payloads from Indian space start-ups and customer satellites from Brazil, the UK, Nepal, Spain, and Thailand (GISTDA's THEOS-2A). This marks the first time a PSLV mission failed while carrying international commercial customer satellites, raising concerns about ISRO's commercial launch business and reliability assurance. The only survival was a Spanish re-entry capsule (KID), which separated from the rocket and transmitted flight data for approximately three minutes during its non-nominal descent, recording a peak deceleration of 28g. ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan announced a detailed Failure Analysis Committee investigation. The consecutive failure of PSLV-C61 and PSLV-C62 — both due to PS3 anomalies — is unprecedented in the vehicle's 30-year history, which previously had only two failures (PSLV-D1 in 1993 and PSLV-C39 in 2017). The failure has prompted questions about quality control in ISRO's sub-system procurement and its implications for upcoming missions, including Chandrayaan-4 and commercial launch contracts.