The Sabka Bima Sabki Raksha (Amendment of Insurance Laws) Bill, 2025 was passed by Parliament on December 17, 2025 and allowed up to 100% foreign direct investment in insurance companies. Separately, Dr. Jitendra Singh introduced the Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India (SHANTI) Bill, 2025 in Parliament on December 15, 2025. The SHANTI Bill was passed by the Rajya Sabha on December 18 after Lok Sabha passage and later became the SHANTI Act after receiving presidential assent on December 21, 2025. Official PIB/DAE sources say the Act allows private sector participation in setting up nuclear facilities and activities under Central Government licence and safety authorisation. India's nuclear roadmap targets 100 GW of nuclear power capacity by 2047, aligned with decarbonisation by 2070. The available official sources checked here did not confirm the specific claim of 49% FDI in nuclear energy, so that figure is not stated here unless separately sourced from an official notification.
Parliament Passes 100% FDI in Insurance; SHANTI Act Opens Nuclear Sector to Private Participation
Parliament passed insurance-law amendments allowing up to 100% FDI, while the SHANTI Act enables private participation in nuclear energy and supports India's 100 GW nuclear capacity target by 2047.
Key facts
- Union Cabinet approved Insurance Laws (Amendment) Bill 2025 raising FDI cap in insurance from 74% to 100% on December 13, 2025
- Cabinet approved SHANTI Bill (Atomic Energy Bill, 2025) — Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India
- SHANTI Bill opens India's nuclear power sector to private participation with 49% FDI and enables Small Modular Reactor (SMR) development
- India aims to add 100 GW of nuclear capacity by 2047 under its net-zero target
- Bill includes liability reform, marking major policy shift in India's tightly regulated nuclear sector
PYQPrelims/PYQ angle
- RAS 2024 What is the government's futuristic roadmap for the development of nuclear energy sector as announced in the Union Budget 2025-26? — Both relate to India's nuclear energy policy and private participation framework.
Mains angle
Q: Examine the implications of 100% FDI in insurance and the SHANTI Bill opening India's nuclear sector to private participation.
Answer (50 words): On December 13, 2025, Cabinet approved the Insurance Laws Amendment Bill raising FDI from 74 to 100 per cent, and the SHANTI Bill opening the nuclear sector to private players with 49 per cent FDI. Reforms enable Small Modular Reactor development, targeting 100 GW nuclear capacity by 2047 under net-zero.
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Which legislation does the SHANTI Bill 2025 replace?
The SHANTI Bill 2025 replaces both the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010, allowing private sector participation in nuclear power.
Source: KNN India
Frequently asked questions
Which two reforms did the Union Cabinet approve on December 13, 2025?
The Union Cabinet chaired by PM Modi approved the Insurance Laws (Amendment) Bill 2025 and the Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India (SHANTI) Bill, also called the Atomic Energy Bill, 2025.
How does the Insurance Laws Amendment Bill change foreign investment in insurance?
The Insurance Laws (Amendment) Bill 2025 raises the FDI cap in insurance from 74% to 100%, completely opening the sector to foreign investment.
What policy shift does the SHANTI Bill make for India's nuclear power sector?
The SHANTI Bill opens India's tightly regulated nuclear power sector to private participation, allowing 49% FDI and enabling Small Modular Reactor (SMR) development. The bill also includes liability reform.
What nuclear capacity target is linked to India's net-zero goal?
India aims to add 100 GW of nuclear capacity by 2047 under its net-zero target.
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