The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the Swedish National Space Agency have signed a Memorandum of Understanding formalising Sweden's participation in India's Venus Orbiter Mission, unofficially known as Shukrayaan. The agreement was signed during the recent official visit of the Prime Minister to Sweden, and was highlighted in current affairs coverage on 21 May 2026. The Venus Orbiter Mission was approved by the Union Cabinet on 18 September 2024, with a sanctioned cost of about Rs 1,236 crore. The mission aims to study the surface, sub-surface, and atmosphere of Venus, as well as the interaction of the Venusian atmosphere with the Sun. ISRO has announced a planned launch date of 29 March 2028, with the spacecraft expected to reach Venusian orbit on 19 July 2028 after a journey of about 112 days. The scientific payload of roughly 100 kilograms includes instruments developed in India along with collaborative and international payloads. Sweden's participation strengthens the international scientific collaboration on the mission and brings in additional expertise in space instrumentation. Venus, often called Earth's twin because of its similar size and mass, presents a hostile environment with a thick carbon dioxide atmosphere and extreme surface temperatures. Studying Venus is expected to deepen scientific understanding of planetary evolution, atmospheric processes, and the conditions that make planets habitable or inhospitable, reinforcing India's growing presence in planetary exploration after the Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan missions.