The Supreme Court of India reinforced its earlier rulings (2016 and 2022) requiring stray dog feeding in designated areas and mandatory sterilization under the Animal Birth Control (ABC) Rules. The court strengthened civic enforcement of animal welfare policies.

The ruling supports ABC-based sterilisation/immunisation and designated feeding zones, and ensures caregivers are not harassed. Official livestock-census data placed India's stray dog population at 1,53,09,355 under the 20th Livestock Census. Rajasthan's urban local bodies must comply with the directive.