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Glossary Terms
| Term (EN) | Definition | Exam Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| Electoral College | Body that elects the President — MPs + MLAs | Art 54 |
| Single Transferable Vote | Preferential voting system for President/VP elections | Art 54–66 |
| Pocket Veto | President keeps bill pending indefinitely when Parliament not in session | Art 111 |
| Ordinance | Presidential legislation when Parliament not in session; 6-week validity after session resumes | Art 123 |
| Article 74 | President must act on CoM's aid and advice | Constitution |
| Article 75(3) | Council of Ministers collectively responsible to Lok Sabha | Constitution |
| Collective responsibility | Entire CoM resigns if Lok Sabha passes NCM | Art 75(3) |
| No-confidence motion | Motion by Lok Sabha to withdraw confidence from government | Parliamentary device |
| Money Bill | Bill dealing exclusively with taxation, expenditure, or debt | Art 110 |
| Joint Sitting | Combined sitting of LS and RS for deadlocked ordinary bills | Art 108 |
| Question Hour | First hour of each sitting for MP questions to ministers | Parliamentary practice |
| Zero Hour | Informal session after Question Hour for urgent matters | Parliamentary practice |
| Adjournment Motion | Motion to adjourn House to discuss urgent public matter | Parliamentary practice |
| Article 352 | National Emergency — war, external aggression, or armed rebellion | Constitution |
| Article 356 | President's Rule — failure of constitutional government in state | Constitution |
| Article 360 | Financial Emergency — never invoked | Constitution |
| Starred Question | Oral answer required; supplementary questions allowed | Parliament |
| Unstarred Question | Written reply only; no supplementaries | Parliament |
| Speaker | Presiding officer of Lok Sabha | Art 93 |
| Deputy Speaker | Second presiding officer of Lok Sabha | Art 93 |
| Budget Session | Feb–May; longest session; Union Budget presented 1 February | Convention |
| Article 249 | RS can enable Parliament to legislate on State List (2/3 majority, 1 year) | Constitution |
| Article 312 | RS can create new All India Services | Constitution |