Aspirant Academy

Society, Management and Accounting

Predicted Questions with Model Answers

Weaker Sections: Women, Marginalized, Dalits, SC/ST — Welfare Schemes

Paper I · Unit 3 Section 8 of 10 0 PYQs 21 min
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Predicted Questions with Model Answers

Q1 (5 marks — 50 words): What are the five major problems faced by tribal communities in India?

Model Answer:

Five major tribal problems: (1) Land alienation — loss of ancestral land despite PESA 1996 and FRA 2006; (2) Educational backwardness — ST literacy 59% vs. national 73%; (3) Forest rights denial — 40% FRA claims rejected; (4) Displacement by dams, mines, and national parks; (5) Health deprivation — child stunting ~42%, high infant mortality.

Q2 (5 marks — 50 words): Describe the socio-economic profile of the Garasia tribe of Rajasthan.

Model Answer:

Garasia tribe (~2.75 lakh) inhabits Sirohi, Udaipur, Rajsamand in Rajasthan. Traditionally semi-nomadic agro-pastoralists worshipping Nakeli Mata (forest deity). Practice trial marriage (moha) before formal marriage; some sub-groups follow matrilineal inheritance. Livelihood: shifting cultivation, minor forest produce, wage labour. Protected under 5th Schedule, PESA 1996, FRA 2006; PM-JANMAN 2023 specifically targets their development.

Q3 (5 marks — 50 words): What are the main provisions of the SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities Act, 1989?

Model Answer:

SC/ST PoA Act 1989 (amended 2015) defines 47 offences — social boycott, land dispossession, garlanding with footwear, devadasi dedication, manual scavenging. Key provisions: mandatory FIR without preliminary inquiry; special courts and special prosecutors in each district; minimum 6 months to life imprisonment. NCRB 2022: 51,656 SC atrocities; 9,735 ST atrocities.

Q4 (5 marks — 50 words): Explain PESA Act 1996 and its significance for tribal self-governance.

Model Answer:

PESA 1996 extends Panchayati Raj to 5th Schedule tribal areas (10 states — Rajasthan: Banswara, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh). Gram Sabha powers: land acquisition consent, minor forest produce, water bodies, liquor regulation. Significance: first law constitutionally recognising tribal swaraj, protecting customary traditions, ensuring community control over natural resources.

Q5 (5 marks — 50 words): What is the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam 2023? What are its salient features?

Model Answer:

128th Constitutional Amendment, 2023 reserves 33% seats in Lok Sabha, State Assemblies, and Delhi Assembly for women. Key features: (1) constituency rotation after each delimitation; (2) SC/ST women receive 33% within their reserved seats; (3) effective post-next-delimitation (after 2026 Census). Women currently hold only ~15% of Lok Sabha seats.

Q6 (5 marks — 50 words): What are the key provisions of the Forest Rights Act, 2006 and its impact?

Model Answer:

FRA 2006 grants: (1) Individual rights — title deeds for land cultivated before 13 December 2005 by forest-dwelling STs; (2) Community rights — minor forest produce, grazing, water bodies. Impact: 23+ lakh titles distributed (2023); Rajasthan — Banswara, Dungarpur, Udaipur. Corrects colonial injustice that denied tribals ancestral forest access.