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Key Points at a Glance
Ayushman Bharat — PM Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY)
- World's largest government-funded health insurance scheme
- Covers 55 crore individuals (10.74 crore families) from bottom 40% of population
- Provides health cover of Rs 5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary hospitalisation
- Cashless, paperless treatment at empanelled hospitals across India
National Health Mission (NHM)
- Launched 2005 (NHM 2013 subsumed NRHM + NUHM)
- Budget 2025-26 allocation: approximately Rs 38,183 crore
- Focus: maternal & child health, reproductive health, non-communicable diseases in rural areas
- Delivered via Ayushman Arogya Mandirs (Sub-Health Centres renamed)
National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020)
- India's first new education policy in 34 years
- Restructures schooling from 10+2 to 5+3+3+4 (Foundational, Preparatory, Middle, Secondary)
- Raises higher education GER target to 50% by 2035 (currently ~27%)
- Introduces multiple entry-exit in colleges; recommends mother-tongue instruction in primary grades
Poverty Measurement in India
- Currently estimated using the Tendulkar Poverty Line (2011-12 data); new methodology under development
- Tendulkar line: Rs 33.3/day (urban), Rs 27.2/day (rural) at 2011-12 prices
- World Bank extreme poverty line: $2.15/day (PPP 2017)
- India's $2.15 poverty head-count estimated at <5% (2023) — massive reduction from 22% in 2011
Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) — India's Progress
- NITI Aayog's 2023 National MPI report: India lifted 24.82 crore people out of multidimensional poverty between 2015-16 and 2019-21
- MPI poverty declined from 29.17% (2013-14) to 11.28% (2022-23)
- One of the fastest reductions globally
MGNREGS (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme)
- India's landmark right-based scheme — guarantees 100 days of unskilled manual work per rural household per year at statutory minimum wage
- Budget 2025-26 allocation: Rs 86,000 crore
- FY2024-25: provided 2.98 billion person-days of employment
- 57% of workers are women
PM-KISAN (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi)
- Direct cash transfer of Rs 6,000 per year (Rs 2,000 per installment, 3 times yearly) to all farmer families with cultivable land
- As of 2025, covering 11 crore+ beneficiaries
- Total disbursement Rs 3.24 lakh crore since 2019 launch
PM Awas Yojana (PMAY)
- Affordable housing for urban and rural poor
- PMAY-Urban: Rs 2.51 lakh crore central assistance; 1.18 crore houses sanctioned (Urban 2.0 extends to 2024-2029)
- PMAY-Gramin: Target of 2.95 crore rural houses to be built by 2024; 2.55 crore completed
Unemployment in India
- Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS 2023-24): Urban unemployment rate 6.7% (persons aged 15+); rural unemployment 5.8%
- Youth unemployment (15-29 years) remains high at ~17-18%
- Labour force participation rate: 55.2% (2023-24)
PM Ujjwala Yojana
- Free LPG connections to women from BPL households
- Phase 1 (2016): 5 crore connections target; Phase 2 (2021): Extended to migrant workers, SC/ST
- Cumulative connections 10.33 crore (2025)
- Reduces indoor air pollution (kills 600,000 Indians/year)
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY)
- Free food grain to 81.35 crore NFSA beneficiaries — 5 kg grains/month
- From January 2024, merged with regular NFSA free food — all NFSA beneficiaries get free ration (earlier subsidised)
- Annual food subsidy bill: Rs 2.05 lakh crore
Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)
- "Har Ghar Jal" — piped water to every rural household by 2024
- Status (2025): 15.05 crore (78%) of 19.28 crore rural households have functional tap connections
- Budget 2025-26 allocation: Rs 67,000 crore
- States with 100% coverage: Goa, Telangana, Haryana, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh