Practice 4 International Environmental Agreements multiple-choice questions with detailed answers and explanations. Ideal for RAS/RPSC exam preparation.
Q1. At COP29 Baku, what was the preliminary New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) for annual climate finance agreed upon?
Explanation
The preliminary NCQG at COP29 Baku was set at $300 billion per year. India had demanded $1.3 trillion per year and criticised the $300 billion figure as "too little, too distant." The old goal from 2009 Copenhagen was $100 billion/year.
Q2. Which article of the Paris Agreement establishes the framework for international carbon markets and carbon credit trading?
Explanation
Article 6 of the Paris Agreement provides the framework for international carbon markets and carbon credit trading, allowing countries to cooperate in meeting their NDCs. Its rules were finalised at COP29 Baku.
Q3. India's position at COP29 on climate finance stressed that contributions from developed nations must be grant-based. This is part of which pillar of India's stated demands?
Explanation
India's pillar of "Predictability" requires that climate finance be new, additional, and grant-based — not loans or accounting tricks. Loans would add to the debt burden of already vulnerable developing nations.
Q4. In India's national statement at COP29, which principle did India invoke to argue that developed nations must finance developing nations' climate transitions?
Explanation
India invoked CBDR-RC (Common But Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities) — a core UNFCCC principle holding that developed nations, having historically contributed most to global emissions, must bear greater responsibility for financing climate action globally.
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