Key facts

  • In 2024-25, 53.02 per cent of Rajasthan's reporting area was net sown area, showing a large cultivated base despite major arid tracts.
  • Rajasthan held first position in bajra in 2023-24, contributing 41.34 per cent of India's bajra production.
  • Rajasthan held first position in rapeseed and mustard in 2023-24, contributing 43.43 per cent of national production.
  • APEDA records that India produces about 80 per cent of the world's guar and Rajasthan is the main Indian source.
  • PMKSY began on 1 July 2015, while PMFBY has been implemented since Kharif 2016;

Key Points at a Glance

  1. 1

    Rajasthan's official agriculture frame uses ten agro-climatic zones, so crops must be linked with rainfall, soil, relief and irrigation rather than a single state-wide crop list.

  2. 2

    In 2024-25, 53.02 per cent of Rajasthan's reporting area was net sown area, showing a large cultivated base despite major arid tracts.

  3. 3

    Rajasthan held first position in bajra in 2023-24, contributing 41.34 per cent of India's bajra production.

  4. 4

    Rajasthan held first position in rapeseed and mustard in 2023-24, contributing 43.43 per cent of national production.

  5. 5

    APEDA records that India produces about 80 per cent of the world's guar and Rajasthan is the main Indian source.

  6. 6

    The Chambal command and the humid south-eastern plain make Kota, Bundi, Baran and Jhalawar different from western dryland districts.

  7. 7

    PMKSY began on 1 July 2015, while PMFBY has been implemented since Kharif 2016; one improves irrigation efficiency and the other covers crop-loss risk.

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Natural resource frame and agro-climatic zones

Rajasthan's agriculture is controlled by natural resources: rainfall, soil, relief, groundwater, canal water and local drainage. The state is not one uniform desert farming region. The official ten agro-climatic zones divide Rajasthan by rainfall, soil type, topography and cropping pattern. The arid western plain alone covers 4.74 million hectares in the Agriculture Department's zone frame, but the state also contains canal commands, eastern alluvial plains, the Luni basin, humid south-eastern plains and southern hill agriculture.

This frame is important for Vanpal and Vanrakshak objective questions because district-crop pairing often follows ecology. Jaisalmer and Barmer suggest desert bajra and moth; Sri Ganganagar and Hanumangarh suggest canal-supported cotton, wheat and mustard; Kota, Bundi, Baran and Jhalawar suggest humid command crops; Banswara and Dungarpur point towards southern hill agriculture. A large north-western tract is desert or semi-desert, while the south-east is more fertile.

Exam takeaway: read each crop with its region, season and water source.

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