Key facts

  • अव्यय or अविकारी शब्द does not change form because of gender, number, person or tense.
  • RPSC SI questions usually test recognition inside sentences, not only memorised definitions.
  • क्रिया-विशेषण answers how, when, where or to what extent an action occurs.
  • रीतिवाचक adverbs mark manner, as in धीरे, स्पष्ट, or साहसपूर्वक.
  • कालवाचक adverbs mark time, as in आज, अभी, प्रतिदिन, or पहले.

Key Points at a Glance

  1. 1

    अव्यय or अविकारी शब्द does not change form because of gender, number, person or tense.

  2. 2

    RPSC SI questions usually test recognition inside sentences, not only memorised definitions.

  3. 3

    क्रिया-विशेषण answers how, when, where or to what extent an action occurs.

  4. 4

    रीतिवाचक adverbs mark manner, as in धीरे, स्पष्ट, or साहसपूर्वक.

  5. 5

    कालवाचक adverbs mark time, as in आज, अभी, प्रतिदिन, or पहले.

  6. 6

    स्थानवाचक adverbs mark place or direction, as in यहाँ, बाहर, ऊपर, or इधर.

  7. 7

    परिमाणवाचक adverbs mark degree or extent, as in बहुत, कम, अत्यंत, or लगभग.

  8. 8

    सम्बन्धबोधक expressions such as के पास, के साथ, से पहले, के कारण, and के लिए mark relations after nouns or pronouns.

  9. 9

    समुच्चयबोधक indeclinables link words, phrases, clauses or sentences through addition, choice, contrast, cause, condition or concession.

  10. 10

    विस्मयादिबोधक words independently express feelings such as joy, sorrow, surprise, fear or disgust.

  11. 11

    The exclamation mark often accompanies an interjection, but punctuation alone does not decide the grammatical category.

  12. 12

    निपात such as ही, भी, and तो are embedded particles that add emphasis, inclusion, contrast or scope.

What are indeclinables in Hindi grammar?

In Hindi grammar, indeclinables are words or fixed expressions whose form does not change with gender, number, person or tense, even when the rest of the sentence changes. In the traditional terminology, an indeclinable is called avyay or avikari shabd, and its central test is form-stability. A noun such as ladka may become ladke; an adjective may agree with the noun; a finite verb changes with person, number, gender or tense. But an indeclinable such as aaj, yahan, hi, aur, wah, or ke liye keeps the same form while the surrounding sentence changes. This is why the literal idea behind avikari is not becoming modified by grammatical categories. According to the RPSC Sub Inspector/Platoon Commander Competitive Examination-2025 syllabus, Paper I Hindi carries 200 maximum marks.

For RPSC SI, this topic is not only a definition topic. The Paper I Hindi syllabus places avyay inside word-types, specifically alongside the recognition of kriya-visheshan, sambandh-suchak, vismayadibodhak and nipat, and the official previous-paper index shows that the 2021 Sub Inspector Hindi papers are a live source for this part of grammar. The examination tendency is sentence-level recognition. A candidate is asked which sentence has a certain type of indeclinable, which sentence lacks one, or whether a given statement about particles or interjections is correct. Therefore, the working skill is to locate the indeclinable and name its function, not merely to recite the list of classes.

The broad classification used for this topic is practical. Kriya-visheshan modifies a verb or the manner, time, place or degree of an action: vah dheere chala, Ram aaj aaya, Sita bahar gayi, vah bahut padhta hai. Sambandhbodhak or sambandh-suchak avyay marks a relation between a noun or pronoun and another part of the sentence: ghar ke paas, mitra ke saath, kaam se pehle, varsha ke karan, pariksha ke liye. Samuchchaybodhak links words, phrases, clauses or sentences: Ram aur Shyam aaye, padho athava vishram karo, vah aaya parantu ruka nahin, main nahin gaya kyonki varsha ho rahi thi. Vismayadibodhak independently expresses feeling: wah!, are!, haay!, chhih!. Nipat gives emphasis, limitation, contrast or inclusion without behaving like a full modifier: hi, bhi, to, tak, matra.

The safest recognition method is a three-step test. First, ask whether the word changes form when the subject changes from masculine to feminine, singular to plural, or past to future. If it does not, it may be an indeclinable. Second, ask its sentence function: does it tell how, when, where or how much; does it mark relation; does it connect; does it express emotion; or does it add emphasis? Third, separate the indeclinable from nearby inflected words. In Ram ke saath Sita bhi gayi, ke saath is the relation marker and bhi is the particle; gayi is not indeclinable because the verb changes with gender and tense. This discipline prevents the common error of treating every small word as the same kind of avyay, and it also keeps the answer exam-ready: first identify stability of form, then identify function.