REET Level 1 study notes
Sandhi, Samas, Upsarg, Pratyay (Hindi) — Primary Recognition for Classes I to V
Sandhi, samas, upsarg, and pratyay are primary-level word-formation tools taught at recognition level in REET Level 1 Hindi. Sandhi joins letters at the meeting point, samas joins whole words, upsarg comes before the root word, and pratyay comes after the root word. The most useful exam rule is positional: a front unit is upsarg, a back unit is pratyay, and both cannot be the same.
Key points
- Sandhi joins two letters at the meeting point of two parts; primary children meet swar, vyanjan and visarg sandhi as recognition labels only.
- Samas joins two whole words; the four primary families are dwandwa, tatpurush, karmadharaya and bahuvrihi, identified by expanding the compound.
- Upsarg sits before the root word; the eight common primary upsargs are a, anu, ap, av, up, pari, pra and prati.
- Pratyay sits after the root word; primary teaching only splits pratyays into kṛt (after verb-roots) and taddhit (after noun-roots).
- Position rule resolves most confusions: a unit in front is upsarg, a unit at the back is pratyay; both cannot be the same.
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Sandhi, samas, upsarg, and pratyay are primary-level word-formation tools taught at recognition level in REET Level 1 Hindi. Sandhi joins letters at the meeting point, samas joins whole words, upsarg comes before the root word, and pratyay comes after the root word. The most useful exam rule is positional: a front unit is upsarg, a back unit is pratyay, and both cannot be the same.