REET Level 2 study notes
Sanskrit Samas (Compounds): Avyayibhava, Tatpurusa, Bahuvrihi, Dvandva
Samasa is the Sanskrit process of joining two or more padas into one compact compound word; vigraha is its expansion back into a full phrase. REET Level-2 Sanskrit names five families: avyayibhava (first member dominant, indeclinable result), tatpurusa with karmadharaya and dvigu sub-types (last member dominant), bahuvrihi (an outside referent dominant), and dvandva (both members equal). A teacher of Classes 6 to 8 must identify the type from the vigraha, distinguish samasa from sandhi, and prepare learners for high-frequency identification and vigraha MCQs.
Key points
- RBSE REET Sanskrit lists samasa with five names; the working count is four families (tatpurusa carries karmadharaya and dvigu).
- Samasa joins two padas into one word and drops the case relation; vigraha is the reverse expansion.
- Identify by pradhana: first member (indeclinable) avyayibhava; last member tatpurusa; outside referent bahuvrihi; both equal dvandva.
- Karmadharaya is same-case adjective-noun (maha-purusah); dvigu has a number first member (tri-bhuvanam).
- Bahuvrihi vigraha needs a relative pronoun yasya; that is the test separating it from karmadharaya.
- Sandhi is a phonetic junction-change; samasa is a meaning compression; both can co-occur in Himalayah.
- Recurring anchors: yatha-sakti, raja-purusah, pita-ambarah, dasa-ananah, rama-laksmanau, mata-pitarau.
- REET formats: name-type, choose-vigraha, vigraha-to-compound, match-list, samasa-versus-sandhi assertion-reason.
- Common traps: bahuvrihi read as karmadharaya, dvigu read as karmadharaya, wrong vibhakti in tatpurusa vigraha.
- Teach recognition before production; install the reflex write the vigraha, name the pradhana, for Classes 6 to 8.
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Samasa is the Sanskrit process of joining two or more padas into one compact compound word; vigraha is its expansion back into a full phrase. REET Level-2 Sanskrit names five families: avyayibhava (first member dominant, indeclinable result), tatpurusa with karmadharaya and dvigu sub-types (last member dominant), bahuvrihi (an outside referent dominant), and dvandva (both members equal). A teacher of Classes 6 to 8 must...