REET Level 1 study notes
Samas, Upsarg, Pratyay (Sanskrit) — Primary-Level Recognition for REET Level 1
At REET Level 1, समास, उपसर्ग and प्रत्यय are taught only for recognition. Samas joins whole words into a compound, upasarga comes before a verbal root and changes its meaning, and pratyaya comes after a root or word to make a new word. The primary learner recognizes Tatpurusha, Dvandva, Karmadharaya and Bahuvrihi compounds, common prefixes such as प्र, अनु, वि, सम् and उप, and the basic split between कृत् and तद्धित suffixes.
Key points
- At REET Level 1 (Classes I-V), Sanskrit Samas, Upsarg, and Pratyay are taught only as recognition; no sutras or full derivations are expected.
- Samas joins two or more whole words into one compound; the four primary types are Tatpurusha, Dvandva, Karmadharaya, and Bahuvrihi.
- Upsarg attaches before a verbal root and changes its meaning; the primary cap is the most-used 8 to 10 prefixes such as pra, anu, vi, sam, upa.
- Pratyay attaches after a root or word; the basic primary split is krit pratyay (after a verbal root) versus taddhit pratyay (after a noun or adjective).
- Position rule for the learner: upsarg comes before a root, pratyay comes after; mixing the two positions is the most common primary error.
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At REET Level 1, समास, उपसर्ग and प्रत्यय are taught only for recognition. Samas joins whole words into a compound, upasarga comes before a verbal root and changes its meaning, and pratyaya comes after a root or word to make a new word. The primary learner recognizes Tatpurusha, Dvandva, Karmadharaya and Bahuvrihi compounds, common prefixes such as प्र, अनु, वि, सम् and उप, and the basic split between कृत् and तद्धित suffixes.