RAS Mains Syllabus 2026

A Rajasthan

• Pre-historic culture and ancient historic sites
• Political & cultural achievements of rulers (up to 18th century)
• Revenue and administrative systems, changing patterns
• 19th–20th century: 1857 revolt, peasant/tribal movements, political awakening, integration
• Art & Culture: performing/fine arts, handicraft, architecture, monuments
• Folk music, folk dances, folk stories, folk lores
• Fairs and festivals
• Tribes and their traditions
• Heritage sites and tourism in Rajasthan
• Rajasthani language and literary works
• Religious beliefs, saints, folk deities

B India

• Indian heritage: fine art, performing art, architecture, literature (Indus to British era)
• Religious movements and philosophy (ancient & medieval)
• British policies: political, economic, administrative unification
• Indian National Movement: stages, streams, contributors
• Socio-religious reform movements (19th–20th century), intellectual awakening
• Post-Independence: princely state accession, linguistic reorganization, S&T, women empowerment

C World

• Renaissance and Reformation
• American War of Independence, French Revolution, Industrial Revolution, Russian Revolution
• Nazism in Germany, Fascism in Italy
• World Wars impact, Cold War

A India

• Growth & development concepts, HDI, climate change, environmental degradation
• Agriculture: productivity, land reforms, finance, marketing, food security, food processing
• Industry: policy, reforms, globalization, liberalization, privatization, MSMEs
• Service sector & infrastructure: energy, transportation, communication
• International trade, balance of payments, foreign aid & investment
• Public finance: Union budget, revenue/expenditure, deficit, public debt, fiscal policy, Finance Commission
• RBI, monetary management, banking & financial reforms
• Social sector: health, education, poverty, unemployment, welfare schemes

B World

• Global economic issues: WTO, World Bank, IMF roles

C Rajasthan

• Economic indicators: SDP, per capita income, inclusive growth, Viksit Rajasthan 2047, SDGs
• State budget, fiscal management
• Agriculture: production, water resources, irrigation, animal husbandry, farmer welfare schemes
• Rural development, Panchayati Raj, State Finance Commission
• Industrial development: investment promotion, MSMEs, petroleum resources
• Infrastructure: power, transportation, PPP, externally aided projects
• Human resource: health, education, unemployment, poverty eradication
• Good governance, digital transformation
• Welfare schemes: SC/ST, backward classes, minorities, disabled, women, children, elderly

A Sociology (India)

• Caste & class: concepts, changing dimensions
• Secularization, urbanization, modernization, globalization
• Karma, Dharma, Purushartha, Ashram system
• Family, marriage, elderly, disabled in modern society; cyber crime, social media impact
• Dowry, divorce, corruption, poverty, prostitution, unemployment, drug addiction
• Weaker sections: women, marginalized, Dalits, SC/ST — welfare schemes

B Management

• General management: concept, skills, levels, functions, MBO, decision making
• Organizational behavior: perception, motivation, group dynamics, culture
• Marketing: mix (product, pricing, promotion, distribution), digital marketing
• HRM: planning, recruitment, selection, training, appraisal, modern trends
• Strategic management: environment, SWOT, formulation, implementation, control

C Accounting & Auditing

• GAAP, accounting concepts, accounting standards
• Financial statements, analysis techniques, cash flow, responsibility/social accounting
• Computerized accounting, software packages
• GST basics
• Auditing: meaning, objectives, programme, social/performance/efficiency audit, government audit

A Ethics & Governance

• Ethics & human values: lessons from leaders, reformers, administrators
• Family, society, educational institutions in value inculcation
• Rit & Rin from Karmavada, duty, good, virtue concepts
• Ethics in public/private relationships; integrity, impartiality, non-partisanship
• Liberal society: transparency, media, bureaucracy
• Bhagavad Gita ethics and administration
• Gandhian ethics
• Moral thinkers & philosophers (India and world)
• AI vs. conscience in administrative decision making
• Social justice, humanitarian concerns, accountability, instrumental vs value rationality
• Non-factual case studies

A Science & Technology

• Chemistry: atomic structure, metals/non-metals, ores/alloys, acids/bases/pH, drugs, pesticides, carbon compounds, fuels, radioactivity, green chemistry
• Physics: motion, work/power/energy, gravitation, light, heat, electricity, magnetism, sound, EM waves, medical diagnostics, nuclear fission/fusion, radiation safety
• Biology: cell, plant parts, plant nutrition/reproduction, human physiology, food/nutrition, immunity/diseases, microbes, fermentation, biotech/genetic engineering, GMO ethics, vaccines/CRISPR/mRNA, artificial organs
• Computer science: networking, telecom, AI/ML, big data, cloud/edge computing, IoT, blockchain, digital currency, VR/AR, OTT, social media
• Indian science: scientists' contributions, institutions, robotics, nanotechnology, quantum computing, government policies, Digital India, cyber security, data privacy
• Space & defence: Indian space programme, satellites, launch vehicles, remote sensing, missiles, drone tech, chemical/biological weapons

A World Geography

• Earth interior, geological time scale
• Mountains, plateaus, plains, deserts: types & distribution
• Earthquakes and volcanoes: types, distribution, impact
• Climate: insolation, atmospheric circulation, humidity, precipitation
• Major environmental issues

B India Geography

• Physiography of India
• Drainage pattern, rivers of India
• Climate of India: monsoon, rainfall distribution, climatic regions
• Natural resources of India: water, vegetation, soil, minerals, power
• Population of India: growth, distribution, density, sex-ratio, literacy

C Rajasthan Geography

• Physiography, rivers, lakes of Rajasthan
• Climatic characteristics and classification of Rajasthan
• Natural vegetation, wildlife, biodiversity of Rajasthan
• Soil resources of Rajasthan
• Agriculture of Rajasthan: major crops, production, distribution
• Mineral resources of Rajasthan: types, distribution, industrial uses
• Demographic characteristics, tribes of Rajasthan
• UNESCO Geo-parks and geo-heritage sites potential of Rajasthan
• Tourism in Rajasthan

A Indian Polity, Rajasthan & International Relations

• Constitution: Constituent Assembly, Fundamental Rights, DPSP, Fundamental Duties
• Basic Structure Doctrine, amendment process, major changes
• Recent constitutional developments, judicial pronouncements, constitutional morality, transformative constitutionalism
• President, VP, PM, Council of Ministers, Parliament
• Federalism, centre-state relations
• Supreme Court, High Courts, judicial review, activism, virtual/e-courts
• Party systems, regionalism, coalition politics
• Identity-based to issue-driven politics, gender participation, AI-enabled mobilization
• Voting behavior, electoral reforms, elections
• Internal security: threats, forces, agencies, challenges
• Rajasthan: political participation, leadership, electoral behavior
• Rajasthan: political parties, coalition politics
• Rajasthan: Panchayati Raj, urban local self-government
• Rajasthan: public policy framing, implementation bottlenecks
• Rajasthan: e-governance initiatives
• Post-Cold War, US hegemony, multipolarity, terrorism
• Indian foreign policy: determinants, major powers, neighbours, diaspora, cultural diplomacy
• Global platforms: UN, WTO, EU, ASEAN, BRICS, G-20, QUAD, I2U2, AUKUS, DAKSHIN
• Climate diplomacy: COP, ISA, Mission LiFE
• Current affairs: events, personalities, Rajasthan welfare schemes, awards, sports, yoga

A Public Administration Concepts & Practice

• PA meaning, nature, scope, significance; evolution; NPA, NPM, good governance, NPS
• Theories: scientific management, human relations, behavioral, structural-functional, ecological
• Organization: hierarchy, unity of command, span of control, delegation, centralization/decentralization, coordination
• Administrative behavior: leadership, communication, morale
• Institutions: UPSC, EC, CAG, Finance Commission, Lokpal, NITI Aayog
• Personnel: recruitment, training, promotion, neutrality, code of conduct
• Issues: Union-state relations, minister-civil servant, generalists-specialists, reforms, social audit
• Control: legislative, executive, judicial
• Comparative administration: USA, UK, France, China
• State administration: Governor, CM, secretariat, chief secretary, directorates, police, revenue board, Lokayukta
• District administration: Collector, law & order, revenue, development administration

A Behavioral Science

• Intelligence: cognitive, social, emotional, cultural, appreciative, spiritual
• Leadership: theories, types, styles, challenges, effectiveness
• Communication: models, networks, barriers, electronic/destructive communication
• Flourishing at work: virtues, strengths, RAISEC model, person-fit-environment
• Burnout, stress, coping: occupational stress, personality, gender issues

B Law

• RTI Act 2005 (Sections 1–20)
• IT Act 2000 (definitions + Sections 65–78)
• Intellectual Property Rights: concepts, types, purpose
• Domestic Violence Act 2005 (Sections 1–29, 31)
• Sexual Harassment at Workplace Act 2013 (Sections 1–9, 11–20)
• POCSO Act 2012 (Sections 1–15)
• Maintenance of Parents/Senior Citizens Act 2007 (Sections 1–25)
• Rajasthan Tenancy Act 1955 (definitions + key sections)
• Rajasthan Land Revenue Act 1956 (key sections)
• Bhartiya Nyay Sanhita 2023 (definitions + key sections)
• Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita 2023 (definitions + key sections)

A Grammar & Vocabulary (20 marks)

• Prefixes/suffixes, homonyms, word correction, sentence correction
• Idioms, proverbs, administrative terminology (EN→HI)

B Comprehension, Precis & Translation (40 marks)

• Summarization (~150 words to ~50 words)
• Expansion (~100 words from aphorism)
• English→Hindi translation (~50 words)

C Official Correspondence (30 marks)

• Official letters, semi-official letters, orders, reminders, reports
• Notifications, tenders, circulars, press releases, memos

A Grammar & Vocabulary (20 marks)

• Prepositions, parts of speech, phrasal verbs, idioms
• One-word substitutes, confused/misused words

B Comprehension, Precis & Translation (30 marks)

• Unseen passage comprehension (~300 words), 5 questions
• Precis (~100 words)
• 5 Hindi→English translation sentences

C Theme Elaboration & Official Writing (20 marks)

• Theme elaboration (1 of 3, ~150 words)
• Official letter/memo/report (~150 words)

A Essay Themes

• Theme 1: Language, Literature & Heritage
• Theme 2: Society & Governance
• Theme 3: Science, Technology & Environment
• Theme 4: Economy, Agriculture & Industry
• Theme 5: Current Affairs, Disasters & Development
• Theme 6: Tourism, Culture & Rajasthan Issues