Key Points at a Glance

Emotional Intelligence (EI/EQ) — coined by Peter Salovey and John Mayer (1990) — is the ability to perceive, use, understand, and manage emotions. Daniel Goleman (1995, Emotional Intelligence) popularised five components: self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills. For RPSC answers, define EI in one sentence, name Salovey and Mayer, then use Goleman's five components as the most compact framework for administration-oriented examples.

Spiritual Intelligence (SQ) was theorised by Danah Zohar and Ian Marshall (2000, SQ: Connecting with Our Spiritual Intelligence) as the intelligence used to solve problems of meaning and value; it is distinct from formal religious belief. Robert Emmons (2000) listed five core SQ abilities, including transcendence, heightened states of consciousness, sanctifying everyday experience, using spiritual resources for problem-solving, and virtuous behaviour.

Memory and Intelligence: The three-stage memory model includes Sensory Memory (less than 1 second for iconic memory; all sensory inputs), Short-Term Memory (STM) or working memory (7±2 items, George Miller, 1956), and Long-Term Memory (LTM) (potentially unlimited capacity; semantic, episodic, and procedural subtypes). Intelligence links to efficient encoding, organisation, retrieval, and flexible use of stored information.