RAS question
The White Revolution (Operation Flood) in India is associated with:
Correct answer: (C) Milk production, led by Verghese Kurien.
The White Revolution, or Operation Flood, in India is associated with milk production and the dairy cooperative movement led by Verghese Kurien.
Explanation
Operation Flood is linked to milk production because it was built around dairy cooperatives, not crop or fish output. PIB describes the programme as part of the evolution of India's dairy sector and says NDDB replicated the Anand Pattern of cooperatives across India from 1970. That structure connected village-level Dairy Cooperative Societies to district unions and state-level marketing federations, allowing milk procured by cooperatives to reach cities. Verghese Kurien, described by PIB as the Father of White Revolution in India, was the first chairman of NDDB and helped launch this cooperative model. Operation Flood ran from 1970 to 1996 and made India the world's largest milk producer, with Amul in Gujarat as the model cooperative.
Why the other options are wrong
- (A) Fish production is associated with the Blue Revolution, while Operation Flood was a dairy cooperative programme for milk production.
- (B) Wheat production belongs to the Green Revolution, whereas Operation Flood dealt with milk procurement, processing and distribution through cooperatives.
- (D) Egg production is linked with the Silver or Poultry Revolution, not with the White Revolution centred on milk.
Concept
This tests the Indian agriculture and allied-sector revolutions theme in Geography of India. It recurs in RAS because colour revolutions are a compact way to link sectors, institutions and development outcomes.