The Supreme Court of India was established under which Article?
Correct answer: (B) Article 124.
Article 124 of the Constitution of India establishes and provides for the constitution of the Supreme Court of India.
Explanation
Article 124 is the provision to remember because it deals directly with the establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court. In the official text of the Constitution of India, Article 124 appears under Chapter IV, "The Union Judiciary", and its clause (1) provides that India shall have a Supreme Court consisting of the Chief Justice of India and such number of other judges as Parliament may prescribe by law. The question is therefore not asking about a power exercised by the Court or a financial provision; it is asking for the constitutional article that creates the institution and sets out its basic composition.
Why the other options are wrong
- (A) Article 112 deals with the Annual Financial Statement, so it belongs to the budget framework rather than the establishment of the Supreme Court.
- (C) Article 143 concerns the Supreme Court's advisory jurisdiction, which presupposes the Court's existence instead of creating it.
- (D) Article 136 deals with special leave to appeal, a jurisdictional power of the Supreme Court, not its establishment and constitution.
Concept
This tests the Union Judiciary portion of Indian Polity, especially the article-wise mapping of constitutional institutions. It recurs in RAS because questions often distinguish between the Supreme Court's creation, jurisdiction and special powers.