Match List-I (Agricultural Region/Type) with List-II (Key Characteristic) and select the correct answer using the codes given below: List-I: (a) Mediterranean Agriculture (b) Mixed Farming (c) Nomadic Herding (d) Truck Farming List-II: 1. Vegetables and fruits grown for urban markets nearby 2. Drought-resistant crops like olives, grapes, and citrus 3. Combination of crop cultivation and livestock raising 4. Seasonal movement of livestock between pastures

Explanation

The match works because each item points to a distinct agricultural system. NCERT describes Mediterranean agriculture as highly specialised commercial agriculture and identifies the region as an important supplier of citrus fruits, with grape cultivation as a speciality and olives also produced. Mixed farming is defined by equal emphasis on crop cultivation and animal husbandry, with animals such as cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry providing income along with crops. Nomadic herding is pastoral movement: herders move from one place to another with livestock depending on the amount and quality of pastures and water. Truck farming corresponds to market gardening, where high-value vegetables, fruits and flowers are grown solely for urban markets.

Why the other options are wrong

• (B) It swaps mixed farming and nomadic herding: mixed farming combines crops with livestock, while nomadic herding is movement with livestock according to pasture and water availability.
• (C) It gives Mediterranean agriculture the urban-market feature of truck farming, although NCERT links Mediterranean agriculture with citrus, grapes and olives.
• (D) It mismatches every pair: crop-livestock combination belongs to mixed farming, Mediterranean crops belong to Mediterranean agriculture, urban-market vegetables and fruits belong to truck farming, and livestock movement belongs to nomadic herding.

Concept

This tests agricultural regionalisation in World Geography, especially the ability to identify farming systems by their functional traits. RAS often uses such matching questions because agriculture, climate and market links recur across physical and economic geography.

Source

• NCERT, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 4: Primary Activities

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