RAS question
Kanishka, the greatest Kushan ruler, is known for patronizing which religion?
Correct answer: (B) Buddhism (Mahayana).
Kanishka, the greatest Kushan ruler, is chiefly remembered as a patron of Buddhism, especially for his role in the rise of Mahayana Buddhism.
Explanation
Kanishka is associated with Buddhism because he is chiefly remembered as a major Buddhist patron. The standard RAS link is the Fourth Buddhist Council in Kashmir: Britannica states that, as a patron of Buddhism, Kanishka is noted for convening this council, which marked the beginnings of Mahayana Buddhism. That is why the answer is not simply generic Buddhism but Buddhism in its Mahayana form. His reign is also connected with the flourishing of the Gandhara school of art, reinforcing the broader cultural context in which Buddhist patronage became visible through institutions, doctrine and art.
Why the other options are wrong
- (A) Zoroastrianism is not the best answer because, although Kanishka's coins indicate religious tolerance, Encyclopaedia Britannica identifies him as chiefly remembered as a patron of Buddhism.
- (C) Jainism is wrong because Kanishka's patronage is linked to the Fourth Buddhist Council and Mahayana Buddhism, not to Jain institutions or doctrine.
- (D) Hinduism only is wrong because Kanishka is presented as a tolerant ruler whose Buddhist patronage is specifically highlighted, not exclusive patronage of Brahmanic deities.
Concept
This tests religious patronage under the Kushanas, a recurring Ancient India theme in RAS because rulers are often linked with councils, sectarian developments and art traditions. Kanishka is especially important for connecting political power with Mahayana Buddhism and Gandhara art.