How many Fundamental Duties are currently listed under Article 51A?

Explanation

Article 51A contains the Constitution's list of Fundamental Duties. The official text now runs from clause (a) to clause (k), so the current count is 11. The original list of 10 duties was inserted by the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976. The later addition is clause (k), which places a duty on a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to a child or ward between the ages of six and fourteen years; this clause was inserted by the Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002. The current constitutional count is therefore 11, not the earlier count of 10.

Why the other options are wrong

• (B) Twelve is not supported because Article 51A in the official text is numbered only from clause (a) to clause (k), giving 11 duties.
• (C) Nine is too low because the original 1976 insertion itself contained 10 Fundamental Duties before the later education duty was added.
• (D) Ten was the original count after the Forty-second Amendment, but the Eighty-sixth Amendment added the parent or guardian's education duty as clause (k).

Concept

Fundamental Duties fall under Part IVA of the Constitution, especially through the Forty-second and Eighty-sixth Amendments. RAS repeats this area because it combines direct article knowledge with amendment-based chronology.

Source

• Legislative Department, Government of India - The Constitution of India

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