Article 28 deals with:

Explanation

Article 28 is about religious instruction and worship in educational institutions, not a general right to manage or propagate religion. The Constitution first bars religious instruction in any educational institution wholly maintained out of State funds. It then creates a narrow exception for an institution administered by the State but established under an endowment or trust that requires religious instruction. Finally, it protects individual choice: no person attending a State-recognised or State-aided institution can be required to take part in religious instruction or attend religious worship without consent; for a minor, the guardian's consent is needed. Article 28 therefore protects freedom from compulsory attendance at religious instruction or worship in educational institutions.

Why the other options are wrong

• (A) Freedom to manage religious affairs is wrong because the Constitution treats it as a separate freedom, while Article 28 is specifically about religious instruction and worship in educational institutions.
• (C) Freedom to propagate religion is wrong because the Constitution treats profession, practice and propagation of religion separately, whereas Article 28 regulates attendance at religious instruction or worship in certain educational institutions.
• (D) Freedom to establish religious trusts is wrong because Article 28 only refers to endowments or trusts as an exception for religious instruction in certain institutions; it does not create a general freedom to establish religious trusts.

Concept

The Fundamental Rights chapter includes religion-related rights and their limits in State-linked educational institutions. RAS repeats such questions because Articles 25 to 28 are easy to confuse unless the exact protected activity is remembered.

Source

• Legislative Department, Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India, The Constitution of India

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