Q1. Let relation R2 has a ‘foreign key’ that refers to primary key of relation R1. Which of the following operation may cause violation of referential integrity constraints?
Explanation
A foreign key value in the child relation must match an existing primary-key value in the parent relation. Inserting a tuple into R2 can violate this if its foreign key has no matching R1 row, and deleting a tuple from R1 can violate it if R2 still refers to that parent row. Therefore, both operations may violate referential integrity, so option C is correct.
