RPSC SI
211 key terms for this subject — each defined in plain language, with where it helps in the exam and a link to the study note it comes from.
- Abetment
Abetment is involvement in another offence through instigation, conspiracy or intentional aid, depending on the statutory context.
Where it helps A PYQ-signal term and a strong wrong-equivalent trap because ordinary cooperation is too broad.
Read the study note →- Abstract noun
A noun naming a quality, state or idea rather than a concrete object.
Where it helps Suffixes such as ‘ता’, ‘पन’, ‘आस’ and ‘आहट’ commonly create this type of word.
Read the study note →- Action noun
A noun that names an act, process, or formal doing, such as अनुरोध, अनुमोदन, निषेध, or प्रवर्तन.
Where it helps It prevents confusion between the doer, the act, and the result of the act.
Read the study note →- Active Voice
Active voice is the doer-centred sentence pattern, where the subject performs the action.
Where it helps Sentences such as "राम ने पत्र लिखा" and "राम दौड़ता है" are recognised through doer prominence.
Read the study note →- Adhikaran tatpurush
Adhikaran tatpurush hides a location relation, usually ‘में’ or ‘पर’, as in ‘गृहस्थ’ understood through being situated in a house. The first member supplies the locus.
Where it helps RPSC PYQ-style questions have a strong signal for direct subtype recognition of adhikaran tatpurush.
Read the study note →- Adjective
An adjective qualifies or limits a noun or pronoun by telling quality, number, quantity, identity or comparative degree.
Where it helps Tested through गुणवाचक, संख्यावाचक, परिमाणवाचक, सार्वनामिक and degree-based classification.
Read the study note →- Administrative pair
A pair of official or governance-related words whose meanings differ by legal status, procedure, authority, or institutional action.
Where it helps RPSC SI candidates need these for Hindi vocabulary as well as administrative language comprehension.
Read the study note →- Administrative vocabulary
Formal words used in offices, orders, reports, notices, proceedings, and official communication.
Where it helps The RPSC SI Hindi syllabus includes administrative terminology, making these words likely option material.
Read the study note →- Adverb
An adverbial indeclinable gives information about an action or verbal state, especially manner, time, place or degree.
Where it helps The common question pattern asks which sentence contains or lacks a `क्रिया-विशेषण`.
Read the study note →- Agent noun
A noun that names the person or entity performing an action.
Where it helps Krit suffix questions often use action-to-doer words such as writer, reader or protector.
Read the study note →- Agreement
Agreement is the matching of adjective or verb forms with the gender, number and sometimes person of the relevant noun or pronoun.
Where it helps Many objective questions are solved by tracing which noun controls forms such as "अच्छी", "आया", "लिखी" or "रखे".
Read the study note →- All-correct option set
An all-correct option set is an objective-question option in which every listed word must be standard for the option to be valid.
Where it helps This format is common in word-purity practice and requires checking every word in the cluster.
Read the study note →- Antonym
An antonym is a word that expresses the opposite meaning of another word on the same semantic axis, such as न्याय-अन्याय or स्थूल-सूक्ष्म.
Where it helps This is the core concept for direct option-based विलोम questions.
Read the study note →- Anunasik
Anunasik indicates nasalisation of a vowel, often shown by chandrabindu in careful Devanagari spelling, as in आँख or चाँद.
Where it helps RPSC options may contrast dot and chandrabindu forms, so candidates must recognise where vowel nasalisation belongs.
Read the study note →- Anusvar
Anusvar is the dot mark used to represent a nasal sound in words such as संकल्प, संविधान, संबंध and संस्कार.
Where it helps It helps distinguish standard spellings from over-written or malformed nasal forms.
Read the study note →- Apadan tatpurush
Apadan tatpurush hides separation, source or release, usually expressed through ‘से’ in the sense of from or free from, as in ‘बंधनमुक्त’. It is not an instrumental relation.
Where it helps It sharpens the distinction between two different uses of ‘से’ in objective questions.
Read the study note →- Appeal
An appeal is a statutory remedy by which a higher forum reconsiders a decision according to permitted grounds and procedure.
Where it helps Often tested against revision-पुनरीक्षण and review-type remedies.
Read the study note →- Ardha-tatsam
A Sanskrit-origin word that has undergone limited phonetic adjustment in Hindi while still remaining visibly close to its Sanskrit base.
Where it helps It is explicitly named in the syllabus and must be separated from both pure Tatsam and Tadbhav.
Read the study note →- Asangat antonym pair
An asangat antonym pair is an option pair presented as opposites even though the two words do not truly reverse each other.
Where it helps RPSC-style mismatch questions ask candidates to find this odd pair among otherwise correct antonyms.
Read the study note →- Asangat option
An asangat option is the word in a group that does not share the synonym field of the other words.
Where it helps RPSC-style पर्यायवाची नहीं है questions require this odd-word scanning skill.
Read the study note →- Asangat pair
A mismatched or inconsistent pair in which one word is attached to the wrong meaning, or the pair does not belong with the pattern of other options.
Where it helps This covers wrong-match and odd-pair traps in objective questions.
Read the study note →- Aspect
Aspect shows how the action is internally viewed, especially as habitual, continuing or completed.
Where it helps Markers such as "रहा" and "चुका" help identify continuing and completed aspect in MCQs.
Read the study note →- Assimilation
Assimilation is the sound adjustment by which a prefix changes its surface form near another sound. The "सम्" family may appear as "सं", "सम्" or with doubled consonant forms in familiar words.
Where it helps It explains why the visible prefix in an MCQ may differ from the dictionary list form.
Read the study note →- Avyayibhav
Avyayibhav is a compound led by an indeclinable or adverbial element where the whole expression behaves like an indeclinable phrase, such as ‘यथाशक्ति’, ‘प्रतिदिन’ or ‘आजीवन’. Its vigrah often means according to, every, until or throughout.
Where it helps It appears in major-type classification and in non-samas traps involving prefix-like openings.
Read the study note →- Ayadi sandhi
Ayadi sandhi changes ए, ऐ, ओ, and औ before a vowel into ay-like or av-like sound sequences.
Where it helps It prevents confusion in examples such as ने + अन = नयन and पो + अन = पवन or पावन-type patterns.
Read the study note →- Bahuvrihi
Bahuvrihi is an externally referential compound: the literal members describe an attribute, but the word names a third possessor of that attribute, as in ‘चंद्रमौलि’ or name-like ‘दशानन’. Its clue is the phrase ‘जिसका’ or ‘जिसके’.
Where it helps It is one of the most important traps in RPSC-style questions, especially with ‘चंद्रमौलि’-type examples.
Read the study note →- Base word
The base word is the element that remains after the prefix is removed and against which the changed meaning is checked. A prefix answer is weak if the remaining base is not meaningful in the expected analysis.
Where it helps Base checking prevents false-prefix errors in words that merely begin with familiar letters.
Read the study note →- Borrowing
A word adopted by Hindi from another language through contact, administration, trade, education, or cultural exchange.
Where it helps Understanding borrowing prevents foreign-origin words from being misread as Deshaj.
Read the study note →- Brackets
Brackets enclose extra explanatory information that can usually be removed without destroying the main sentence.
Where it helps They are tested through removable-information and mismatched-pair error patterns.
Read the study note →- Broader meaning
A broader meaning covers a wider class of objects or ideas, such as पशु for many animals or जल for water in general.
Where it helps It helps reject narrow related words that are not true synonyms of the target word.
Read the study note →- Case relation
Case relation is the grammatical role performed by a noun or pronoun, such as doer, object, recipient, instrument, source, location or possession.
Where it helps Identifying कारक helps decide whether ने, को, से, में, पर or का/की/के is required.
Read the study note →- Causative verb
A causative verb shows that the subject causes another person to perform an action, as in पढ़ाना or लिखवाना.
Where it helps Often tested by comparing base, first causative and second causative forms.
Read the study note →- Chartva
Chartva is the change in which a voiced consonant becomes its hard unvoiced counterpart in selected sandhi environments.
Where it helps It is useful for separating standard grammar rules from visually tempting but invalid options.
Read the study note →- Close-option precision
The skill of distinguishing options that look similar but differ in scope, stage, subject, tone, or value judgement.
Where it helps Most wrong options in this topic are plausible near-synonyms rather than obviously unrelated words.
Read the study note →- Collocation
The usual combination of words in a fixed expression, such as दाल गलना or नाक कटना.
Where it helps Recognising collocation prevents mixing partial expressions and choosing a meaning from the wrong idiom.
Read the study note →- Colon
Colon introduces an explanation, list, example, rule, result, or formal statement following an introductory base.
Where it helps It is tested where the candidate must choose the mark before examples or listed items.
Read the study note →- Comma
Comma is a short-pause mark used for lists, address, inserted expressions, selected clauses, and direct-speech lead-ins.
Where it helps RPSC-style questions often test both correct comma placement and unnecessary comma errors.
Read the study note →- Common noun
A common noun names a whole class or kind rather than one specific individual, such as विद्यार्थी, नदी, नगर, राजा or कवि.
Where it helps Useful for questions where a proper name is used type-wise rather than individually.
Read the study note →- Complaint
A complaint is an allegation or grievance placed before the relevant authority; in criminal procedure, परिवाद has a specific procedural sense.
Where it helps Important for distinguishing complaint from FIR in police-process vocabulary.
Read the study note →- Concurrence
Concurrence is agreement by another authority or department, especially where procedure requires that agreement before further action.
Where it helps Important in file-process questions and distinct from recommendation, approval and sanction.
Read the study note →- Conjunct consonant
A conjunct consonant is a combined consonant form such as क्ष, ज्ञ, त्र, द्य, द्व, श्च or च्छ.
Where it helps Conjuncts are common in administrative and literary words and are often distorted in incorrect options.
Read the study note →- Conjunction
A conjunction links words, phrases, clauses or sentences and may express addition, choice, contrast, cause, result, condition or concession.
Where it helps It is essential for identifying sentence-linking words such as `और`, `अथवा`, `परंतु`, `क्योंकि`, `यदि-तो`, and `यद्यपि-तथापि`.
Read the study note →- Consonant variation
A change in consonant, aspiration, conjunct, or point of articulation that creates a different word with a different meaning.
Where it helps It explains why near-sound pairs must be heard and read with precision.
Read the study note →- Context clue
A clue from the sentence field, such as food, ritual, law, administration, kinship, or counting, that indicates which word and meaning are intended.
Where it helps Context prevents the candidate from choosing by memorised sound alone.
Read the study note →- Context-sensitive antonym
A context-sensitive antonym changes according to the sense in which the stem word is used, as मधुर may oppose कटु, कर्कश or बेसुरा.
Where it helps It prevents loose translation errors when two options look partly correct.
Read the study note →- Contextual usage
Use of an idiom or proverb in a sentence where the surrounding situation naturally supports its accepted meaning.
Where it helps Correct-use questions test whether the expression fits the event, subject, tone, and grammar of the sentence.
Read the study note →- Dash
Dash creates a strong break, contrast, interruption, afterthought, or emphatic inserted explanation within a sentence.
Where it helps It helps identify stronger internal breaks that are not ordinary comma pauses.
Read the study note →- Degree adverb
A degree adverb marks extent or intensity, as in `बहुत पढ़ता है`, `कम बोलता है`, or `अत्यंत प्रसन्न है`.
Where it helps This prevents misclassification of degree words as particles or adjectives.
Read the study note →- Deshaj
A native or local-origin word that is not normally classified as Sanskrit-derived and is not a known foreign borrowing.
Where it helps RPSC-style questions often test Deshaj by mixing local-looking words with foreign-origin and Tadbhav words.
Read the study note →- Direct speech
Direct speech reproduces the exact words of a speaker and is normally enclosed in quotation marks.
Where it helps It determines where commas, quotation marks, question marks, and exclamation marks are placed.
Read the study note →- Dirgh sandhi
Dirgh sandhi produces a long vowel when similar vowels combine, such as अ + अ becoming आ or इ + ई becoming ई.
Where it helps It helps solve common forms like हिमालय, विद्यालय, and गिरीश.
Read the study note →- Ditransitive verb
A ditransitive verb takes two objects, usually a receiver and a thing, as in शिक्षक ने छात्र को पुस्तक दी.
Where it helps High-yield for applied verb classification in sentence form.
Read the study note →- Dvandva
Dvandva is a coordinate compound whose vigrah uses ‘और’, with both members standing side by side, as in ‘माता-पिता’, ‘दिनरात’ or ‘सुख-दुःख’. Neither member merely qualifies the other.
Where it helps It is common in recognition questions and provides a clear contrast with tatpurush.
Read the study note →- Dvigu
Dvigu is a numeral-based compound where the first member is a number and the compound expresses a counted group or counted attribute, such as ‘पंचवटी’ or ‘त्रिलोकी’. Usage can interact with bahuvrihi when the word names a possessor.
Where it helps The visible numeral cue makes it quick, but careless use causes misclassification.
Read the study note →- Ergative marker
ने marks the agent in many perfective transitive Hindi constructions and affects how the verb agrees with the object or takes a default form.
Where it helps Exam options often test missing ने, unnecessary ने, or agreement changes caused by ने.
Read the study note →- Evidence
Evidence is the legally usable material by which a fact is proved or disproved, including oral, documentary and other admissible forms.
Where it helps Important for direct equivalence and for separating proof material from the person who gives it.
Read the study note →- Exception format
An objective question pattern asking which option does not belong to a named category.
Where it helps This is a repeated pattern in word-origin questions and requires checking all options.
Read the study note →- Exclamation mark
Exclamation mark marks strong emotional force such as surprise, joy, grief, anger, warning, praise, or astonishment.
Where it helps It is important in questions containing words such as अरे, वाह, हाय, शाबाश, and सावधान.
Read the study note →- False friend
A word that looks as if it contains a known suffix but does not actually divide into base plus suffix.
Where it helps Learning false friends improves performance in ‘which word does not have the suffix’ questions.
Read the study note →- False prefix
A false prefix is an opening letter group that resembles a known prefix but does not function as one in that word. The meaning and remaining base do not support prefix analysis.
Where it helps False-prefix traps are common in objective options built around similar-looking word openings.
Read the study note →- FIR
FIR is the first information report recorded by police for a cognizable offence under criminal procedure.
Where it helps Essential SI-context term and distinct from complaint or grievance.
Read the study note →- Foreign-origin word
A word borrowed into Hindi from outside language sources such as Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Portuguese, or English.
Where it helps These words are commonly tested through direct recognition and sentence-level options.
Read the study note →- Formal register
Formal register is the elevated vocabulary used in administrative, legal, literary and academic Hindi, where pairs like वैध-अवैध and उत्कर्ष-अपकर्ष are natural.
Where it helps RPSC SI Hindi expects more than casual spoken vocabulary.
Read the study note →- Full stop
Full stop is the ending mark for an ordinary complete statement, command, request, definition, narration, or non-interrogative sentence.
Where it helps It is tested against question mark and exclamation mark in sentence-ending MCQs.
Read the study note →- Gender
Gender is the grammatical classification of nouns and related forms as masculine or feminine in Hindi. It affects changing adjectives and many verb forms through agreement.
Where it helps RPSC SI questions may ask for the correct masculine or feminine form, or may hide the gender test inside an agreement error.
Read the study note →- Gun sandhi
Gun sandhi changes अ or आ before इ/ई, उ/ऊ, or ऋ into ए, ओ, or अर्-type results.
Where it helps It explains frequently tested words such as नरेश, महेश, देवर्षि, and लोकेश.
Read the study note →- Halant
Halant suppresses the inherent vowel of a consonant and appears in forms such as परिषद् or in conjunct formation.
Where it helps Understanding halant prevents confusion between accepted forms and unnecessary or missing final consonant marks.
Read the study note →- Homophone boundary
The distinction between sound-based word confusion and broader pair-level meaning confusion. Homophones overlap with yugm shabd but do not exhaust the topic.
Where it helps It prevents candidates from preparing only similar-sounding words.
Read the study note →- Homophone with different meaning
A word that is pronounced identically or very similarly to another word but carries a different meaning. In Hindi vocabulary tests, the candidate must identify which meaning belongs to which word.
Where it helps This is the central topic for RPSC SI word-knowledge questions on same-sound or near-sound pairs.
Read the study note →- Honorific Plural
Honorific plural uses plural-style agreement for respect even when the reference may be a single person.
Where it helps Sentences such as "आप आए" or "गुरुजी बैठे हैं" should not be rejected as number errors.
Read the study note →- Idiom
A fixed Hindi expression whose accepted meaning is different from the literal sum of its words, such as नाक कटना meaning loss of honour rather than physical injury.
Where it helps Most RPSC SI questions on this unit ask the nearest meaning or correct sentence-use of such fixed expressions.
Read the study note →- Impersonal Voice
Impersonal voice presents the action or state itself, often with inability, possibility or a non-doer-centred construction.
Where it helps Forms such as "मुझसे चला नहीं जाता" are traps because they are not ordinary object passives.
Read the study note →- Implied sense
The intended meaning carried by an idiom, proverb, or sentence after context and accepted usage are understood.
Where it helps Questions often ask for भावार्थ or निकटतम अर्थ, so implied sense is the central scoring skill.
Read the study note →- Incomplete comparison
Incomplete comparison occurs when a comparative expression such as more, less, better or superior lacks the standard against which comparison is made.
Where it helps Sentence-purity items often use अधिक, कम, श्रेष्ठ or बेहतर without a clear से phrase or contextual standard.
Read the study note →- Indeclinable
An indeclinable is a Hindi word or expression whose form remains unchanged despite changes in gender, number, person or tense around it.
Where it helps This is the base definition from which all adverb, postposition, conjunction, interjection and particle recognition questions are solved.
Read the study note →- Interjection
An interjection is an independent emotion word expressing states such as joy, sorrow, surprise, disgust, fear, praise or regret.
Where it helps RPSC statement questions often ask what feelings this class expresses and how it is commonly punctuated.
Read the study note →- Intransitive verb
An intransitive verb completes its meaning without an object, such as बच्चा सोया or सूर्य उगा.
Where it helps Useful for identifying verbs that cannot take a direct object in the given sentence.
Read the study note →- Invariable word
An invariable word is another name for `अव्यय`; it points to the word's resistance to grammatical modification in ordinary sentence use.
Where it helps RPSC may ask the definition directly or indirectly through examples where nearby nouns and verbs change but the indeclinable does not.
Read the study note →- Jashtva
Jashtva is the voicing change in which a hard unvoiced stop changes into its corresponding voiced consonant near a voiced sound.
Where it helps It explains why वाक् + ईश becomes वागीश and why सत् + आचार becomes सदाचार.
Read the study note →- Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction is the legal power of a court, authority or officer to hear, decide, investigate or act in a matter.
Where it helps Separates technical legal power from the broader words right, authority or office power.
Read the study note →- Karan tatpurush
Karan tatpurush hides the instrumental relation, usually ‘से’ or ‘द्वारा’, as in ‘हस्तलिखित’ meaning written by hand or ‘शस्त्रहत’ meaning struck by a weapon.
Where it helps It is commonly confused with apadan because both may use ‘से’ in vigrah.
Read the study note →- Karm tatpurush
Karm tatpurush hides an object or destination relation, usually recoverable through ‘को’. The first member functions as the object of the action implied by the second member.
Where it helps It helps separate movement/object relations from location-based adhikaran examples.
Read the study note →- Karmadharaya
Karmadharaya is a descriptive compound in which the first member qualifies, identifies or compares with the second member, as in ‘नीलकमल’ meaning blue lotus or ‘महापुरुष’ meaning great person.
Where it helps It is a recurring option trap against sambandh tatpurush and bahuvrihi.
Read the study note →- Kramashah format
A question format in which meanings must be matched respectively: first word with first meaning and second word with second meaning.
Where it helps It explains why reversed options are wrong even when both meanings are present.
Read the study note →- Krit pratyay
A suffix added mainly to a verbal root or action base to form nouns, adjectives or agent/result words.
Where it helps It explains action and agent formations such as reader, writer, singer and related Hindi forms.
Read the study note →- Lawful
Lawful describes an act, order or process that is permitted by law and done in accordance with legal authority and procedure.
Where it helps Often tested against the broader words legal, illegal and unlawful.
Read the study note →- Layered prefix formation
Layered prefix formation occurs when an outer prefix is added to a word that already contains a prefixal formation. Such words can support questions about two prefixes.
Where it helps Recent exam signals make two-prefix recognition an important drill type.
Read the study note →- Legal-formal vocabulary
Words used in legal stages, documents, status, custody, evidence, and court-related actions.
Where it helps Legal terminology is explicitly signalled in the syllabus and is important for an SI-level examination.
Read the study note →- Liability
Liability is legal answerability or obligation that may expose a person or authority to civil, criminal, financial or statutory consequence.
Where it helps Separates legal responsibility from duty, accountability and moral blame.
Read the study note →- Literal meaning
The ordinary word-by-word meaning of an expression before idiomatic usage is considered.
Where it helps Literal options are common traps in idiom MCQs because they preserve the image but miss the accepted sense.
Read the study note →- Literary synonym
A literary synonym is a poetic or elevated equivalent such as वारि for water, शशि for moon, or पंकज for lotus.
Where it helps Literary-register words appear frequently in formal Hindi synonym groups.
Read the study note →- Manner adverb
A manner adverb answers how the action is performed, as in `धीरे चला` or `स्पष्ट कहा`.
Where it helps It is often confused with adjectives, so candidates must check whether the word qualifies the verb or a noun.
Read the study note →- Matra
A matra is a vowel sign attached to a consonant in Devanagari, such as ि, ी, ु, ू, े, ै, ो or ौ.
Where it helps Many exam traps change only one matra, as in परीक्षा versus परिक्षा or आशीर्वाद versus आशिर्वाद.
Read the study note →- Matra variation
A change in vowel marking that changes the word and its meaning, even when the two forms sound close in rapid speech.
Where it helps Pairs such as those differing by short and long vowel signs are frequent sources of exam confusion.
Read the study note →- Meaning distinction
The exact semantic difference between two words, including core meaning and the context in which each word is appropriate.
Where it helps RPSC SI questions often ask for the क्रमशः meaning of a given word-pair.
Read the study note →- Meaning field
A meaning field is a cluster of words connected by a central idea such as water, governance, sorrow, or literature.
Where it helps Grouped-option synonym questions are solved by identifying the meaning field before judging each word.
Read the study note →- Meaning function
Meaning function is the semantic work done by the prefix, such as negation, direction, relation, intensity, sequence or distinction. It links form with the final word meaning.
Where it helps Most prefix MCQs are solved by matching the prefix to its function, not by memorising examples alone.
Read the study note →- Meaning matching
The process of assigning the correct meaning to each word in a given pair or set. It is stricter than recognising that the words merely look familiar.
Where it helps RPSC-style items often ask for the meanings respectively, so ordered matching is essential.
Read the study note →- Meaning shift
The new sense produced when a suffix changes the base into an action noun, quality noun, relation word or agent word.
Where it helps It is the strongest guard against marking a look-alike ending as a real suffix.
Read the study note →- Mismatched pair
An option that places a word beside a meaning belonging to another word or another pair. The spelling may be valid, but the semantic link is wrong.
Where it helps This trap tests whether the candidate knows the pair, not only the individual word.
Read the study note →- Mixed list
An option containing several words that may or may not all belong to the same origin category.
Where it helps One wrong-category word can invalidate an otherwise attractive option list.
Read the study note →- Modern prefix-like element
A modern prefix-like element is a productive first element in current Hindi vocabulary, including forms such as "गैर", "बे", "सह", "स्व" and "पुन". Its classification depends on the grammar frame used.
Where it helps Loan-aware vocabulary helps candidates understand modern words while preserving the official grammar answer.
Read the study note →- Mood
Mood expresses the speaker's attitude toward the action, such as statement, command, request, wish, possibility or condition.
Where it helps A command such as "आओ" or a conditional form such as "यदि वह आए" should not be labelled merely by time.
Read the study note →- Moral-sense trap
A trap where two proverbs seem to give a similar lesson but differ in the exact situation they judge.
Where it helps This appears when options are close, such as excuse versus guilt or consequence versus bad cause.
Read the study note →- Narrower meaning
A narrower meaning names a specific member or limited form inside a wider class, such as नदी within the water domain.
Where it helps Narrow related words often appear as tempting but wrong synonym options.
Read the study note →- Naturalized word
A borrowed word so common in Hindi that it feels native in daily speech while still remaining foreign-origin in grammar classification.
Where it helps Words like अदालत, कमीज, and स्कूल are traps because daily use hides their origin.
Read the study note →- Near contrast
A near contrast is a loose difference between words that may seem opposed but does not form an exact antonym pair, such as गंभीर-निर्भीक.
Where it helps Near contrasts are frequent traps in असंगत विलोम options.
Read the study note →- Near-synonym precision
Near-synonym precision is the ability to distinguish true synonyms from related, narrower, broader, or context-limited words.
Where it helps It prevents errors in close options such as शासन, प्रशासन, सरकार, and नीति.
Read the study note →- Nearest meaning
The option that best preserves the conventional sense of the expression, even if its wording is not the only possible paraphrase.
Where it helps RPSC options may contain several related meanings; the correct answer is the closest one, not a loosely connected one.
Read the study note →- Negative format
A question format that asks which meaning, usage, or pair is not correct.
Where it helps Negative marking makes this format risky; candidates must notice words such as नहीं, अशुद्ध, and असंगत.
Read the study note →- Negative prefix
A negative prefix reverses, denies or removes the quality expressed by the base. In standard Hindi examples, "अ" and "अन्" often perform this function.
Where it helps Negation is one of the most common meaning functions in prefix-identification questions.
Read the study note →- No-error option
A no-error option asks the candidate to confirm that the given sentence or set of sentences contains no definite sentence-level defect.
Where it helps This format requires restraint: do not mark a sentence wrong merely because a more elegant alternative is possible.
Read the study note →- Non-samas option
A non-samas option is a word that may be formed by prefix, suffix, sandhi or ordinary lexical development but lacks two clear meaningful members with a recoverable compound relation.
Where it helps RPSC objective papers often ask which option does not contain a particular samas or does not contain samas at all.
Read the study note →- Notification
A notification is a formal official publication or instrument by which government communicates a rule, appointment, commencement or legal decision.
Where it helps Common administrative term; often confused with notice or circular.
Read the study note →- Noun
A noun is a word that names a person, place, object, class, quality, condition, action or idea. In Hindi grammar it covers concrete names like लड़का and abstract names like सुंदरता or चलन.
Where it helps Core category for पहचान, भेद and भाववाचक संज्ञा formation questions.
Read the study note →- Number
Number marks whether a noun or pronoun is singular or plural. Hindi number appears through noun endings, pronouns, adjectives and verb agreement.
Where it helps The exam can test ordinary singular-plural forms, respectful plural usage and words commonly used in one number.
Read the study note →- Numeral adjective
A numeral adjective tells count, order, distribution or approximate number, such as दो, दूसरा, प्रत्येक, दुगुना or अनेक when it qualifies a noun.
Where it helps Important for separating number words from pronouns and nouns.
Read the study note →- Object Marking
Object marking is the use of a postposition such as "को" to mark the object or recipient relation.
Where it helps When the object is marked by "को", verb agreement may not follow that object, which is a frequent correction trap.
Read the study note →- One-correct-one-wrong trap
An option in which one word is matched correctly but the other is assigned an incorrect meaning, making partial knowledge misleading.
Where it helps This is a common MCQ trap in word-pair meaning questions.
Read the study note →- One-word substitution
A vocabulary task in which a descriptive phrase is replaced by the most precise single Hindi word that preserves meaning, scope, subject, and register.
Where it helps This is the direct syllabus topic and the dominant MCQ format for phrase-to-word recognition.
Read the study note →- Paired example
A memorized contrast between a Sanskrit-form word and its changed Hindi form, such as दन्त-दाँत or नासिका-नाक.
Where it helps Pairs make exception-format questions faster and less dependent on guesswork.
Read the study note →- Particle
A particle is an embedded indeclinable that adds emphasis, inclusion, limitation, contrast or conversational force without acting as a full modifier or connector.
Where it helps Questions focus on use or non-use of particles such as `ही`, `भी`, `तो`, `तक`, `मात्र`, `सिर्फ`, and `केवल`.
Read the study note →- Passive Voice
Passive voice foregrounds the object or work and commonly uses forms such as "लिखा गया" or "किया गया".
Where it helps Conversion questions require correct passive formation with preserved tense, aspect and agreement.
Read the study note →- Person
Person identifies whether the reference is the speaker, the addressee or someone or something spoken about.
Where it helps Wrong auxiliary forms such as mismatching "मैं" with "है" are common short-sentence correction traps.
Read the study note →- Person noun
A word that names a person by role, habit, quality, relation, status, or belief.
Where it helps Many phrase-to-word items ask for the word for a person described by conduct or social role.
Read the study note →- Place adverb
A place adverb tells where or in what direction the action occurs, as in `यहाँ`, `बाहर`, `ऊपर`, or `नीचे`.
Where it helps It must be separated from postpositional relation expressions such as `घर के पास`.
Read the study note →- Postposition
A postposition is a relation marker placed after a noun or pronoun, such as "ने", "को", "से", "पर", "में" and "का".
Where it helps The official syllabus includes postpositions, and questions may test whether the sentence relation needs doer, object, instrument, location or possession marking.
Read the study note →- Pratyay
Pratyay is a suffix added after a base to form or modify a word. It must be distinguished from upsarg, which appears before the base.
Where it helps RPSC places prefixes and suffixes in the same word-formation syllabus cluster, so boundary clarity is necessary.
Read the study note →- Prefix
A prefix is an element added before a base word, such as अनु-, प्रति-, उप-, नि-, सम्- or वि-, to form a derived word.
Where it helps Many misspellings occur at prefix boundaries in words such as अनुशासन, प्रतिज्ञा and निरीक्षण.
Read the study note →- Prefix clue
A prefix clue is a visible marker such as अ, अन, निर, अप or प्रति that can suggest negation, reversal or opposition in formal Hindi words.
Where it helps It helps quick recognition but must be checked against accepted usage.
Read the study note →- Prefix-boundary test
The prefix-boundary test checks position, remaining base, accepted segmentation and meaning relation before choosing an answer. It is a compact method for avoiding over-segmentation.
Where it helps This is the most reliable practical method for RPSC SI one-mark word-formation questions.
Read the study note →- Pronominal adjective
A pronominal adjective is a pronoun-like word used before or with a noun to qualify it, as in यह पुस्तक, कौन-सा प्रश्न and कोई व्यक्ति.
Where it helps A major boundary trap because the same form can be pronoun in one sentence and adjective in another.
Read the study note →- Pronoun
A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or noun phrase, such as मैं, तुम, वह, यह, कौन, कोई and अपना when they stand independently.
Where it helps Central for पुरुषवाचक, निजवाचक and अनिश्चयवाचक पहचान questions.
Read the study note →- Pronoun reference
Pronoun reference is the link between a pronoun and the noun or person it stands for. A pure sentence keeps that link unambiguous.
Where it helps Ambiguous uses of वह, यह, उनका, उसकी and उसे can make a sentence अशुद्ध even when agreement is correct.
Read the study note →- Proper noun
A proper noun names one specific person, place, institution, book, river or unique entity, such as अशोक, जयपुर or गंगा in a specific reference.
Where it helps Frequently tested when a specific name is contrasted with class meaning or used as a common noun.
Read the study note →- Proverb
A popular saying that expresses a general lesson, social judgement, or practical truth about a situation, such as जैसी करनी वैसी भरनी.
Where it helps The exam mixes proverb meanings with idiom meanings, so candidates must distinguish phrase-sense from situational moral.
Read the study note →- Punctuation mark
A punctuation mark is a written sign that shows sentence ending, pause, question, exclamation, explanation, quotation, insertion, or grouping.
Where it helps It is the umbrella concept for choosing the correct mark and identifying punctuation-based sentence impurity.
Read the study note →- Qualitative adjective
A qualitative adjective expresses a quality, defect, colour, shape, nature or condition of a noun, such as अच्छा, कठोर, लाल, गोल or शांत.
Where it helps Most common adjective type in sentence-recognition tasks.
Read the study note →- Quality prefix
A quality prefix adds a value such as good, proper, bad, difficult or defective to the base. "सु" and the "दु" family are the most important paired examples.
Where it helps This pair is high-yield because options often test the contrast between favourable and unfavourable meaning.
Read the study note →- Quantitative adjective
A quantitative adjective tells amount or measure of an uncounted noun, such as थोड़ा जल, अधिक परिश्रम, पर्याप्त समय or कुछ दूध.
Where it helps Helps distinguish countable number from measurable quantity.
Read the study note →- Question mark
Question mark is the ending mark for a direct question whose form or meaning asks something from the reader or listener.
Where it helps It helps distinguish direct questions from indirect question clauses inside statements.
Read the study note →- Quotation marks
Quotation marks enclose direct speech, cited words, titles, or expressions being discussed as words.
Where it helps They are central to direct-speech punctuation and rule-matching questions.
Read the study note →- Record
A record is an official document or preserved entry maintained for reference, accountability and proof of action.
Where it helps Contrasts with report-प्रतिवेदन in direct equivalence and mismatch questions.
Read the study note →- Redundancy
Redundancy is unnecessary repetition of the same meaning or relation, such as doubling a postposition or repeating an idea already contained in the verb.
Where it helps Options with phrases like unnecessary double markers or repeated abstract nouns can be incorrect despite being understandable.
Read the study note →- Register
The level and tone of language suitable for a context, from colloquial speech to formal administrative Hindi.
Where it helps RPSC SI answers should reflect standard, mature Hindi usage rather than obscure or childish list-learning.
Read the study note →- Relation marker
A relation marker is an indeclinable postpositional expression that connects a noun or pronoun with another sentence element through place, time, cause, purpose, agency or accompaniment.
Where it helps Examples such as `के पास`, `के साथ`, `से पहले`, `के कारण`, and `के लिए` are recurring recognition material.
Read the study note →- Relation suffix
A suffix that creates a word meaning connected with, belonging to, arising from or characteristic of a base.
Where it helps It helps identify forms such as ‘भारतीय’, ‘ग्रामीण’ and similar relation words.
Read the study note →- Relational pair
A relational pair names two connected roles or positions, such as गुरु-शिष्य, but does not necessarily express opposite meanings.
Where it helps The syllabus includes relational vocabulary separately, so such pairs should not be mistaken for antonyms.
Read the study note →- Report
A report is a formal submitted account, finding or statement of facts prepared for an authority or office.
Where it helps Central to police and administrative files; often confused with record.
Read the study note →- Residuary
Residuary means remaining after specified matters, powers, items or claims have been dealt with.
Where it helps Appears in legal and constitutional vocabulary and was part of the terminology signal in the SI paper.
Read the study note →- Reverse awareness
The ability to state the exact phrase meaning of a given word and use it to reject incorrect equivalents.
Where it helps It protects candidates in unsuitable-equivalent questions and in MCQs with overlapping vocabulary.
Read the study note →- Reverse matching
A format where meanings are given first and the candidate must identify the correct word-pair in the same order.
Where it helps It trains candidates to generate the pair before checking options.
Read the study note →- Reversed-meaning trap
An option in which both meanings are real but are attached to the wrong words in the pair. Such an option feels correct unless the candidate checks order.
Where it helps It is one of the most common traps in pair-meaning questions.
Read the study note →- Revision
Revision is a supervisory legal remedy used to correct jurisdictional, legal or procedural errors within the limits of the governing law.
Where it helps A near-term trap with appeal and review.
Read the study note →- Samas
Samas is compound formation, where two meaningful components combine and compress a relation. It differs from prefix formation because the first component usually has word-like force.
Where it helps Mixed sandhi-samas-prefix clusters require candidates to identify the grammar category before segmenting the word.
Read the study note →- Samast pad
Samast pad is the final compact compound word produced by samas, such as ‘राजपुत्र’, ‘नीलकमल’, ‘माता-पिता’ or ‘चंद्रमौलि’. Its meaning is opened through vigrah.
Where it helps Most objective questions give the samast pad and expect the candidate to identify its samas type.
Read the study note →- Sambandh tatpurush
Sambandh tatpurush hides possession, association or relation, usually ‘का/की/के’, as in ‘राजपुत्र’ meaning son of the king. It is frequent but often overused by candidates.
Where it helps Recognising its limits prevents wrong classification of sampradan and adhikaran examples.
Read the study note →- Sampradan tatpurush
Sampradan tatpurush hides recipient, purpose or ‘for’ relation, commonly expressed through ‘के लिए’, as in ‘गुरुदक्षिणा’ understood as offering for the guru.
Where it helps It is a high-value recognition trap because students often flatten it into sambandh tatpurush.
Read the study note →- Samshruti word
A word heard in the same or nearly the same way as another word, while the meaning and spelling remain different. The label keeps attention on hearing and meaning together.
Where it helps The official syllabus places samshruti different-meaning words inside word knowledge.
Read the study note →- Sanction
Sanction is formal permission or authorization by a competent authority, often carrying financial, service or legal effect.
Where it helps A core administrative term for orders, expenditure, prosecution, leave and service matters.
Read the study note →- Sandhi
Sandhi is the sound change that occurs when two vowels, consonants, or visarg-ending units come together at a word boundary or within a compound expression.
Where it helps It is the core operation behind formation questions such as correct sandhi, incorrect sandhi, and sandhi-free word identification.
Read the study note →- Sandhi-vichchhed
Sandhi-vichchhed is the reverse operation of separating a sandhi word into the two original parts that produced it.
Where it helps RPSC-style options often test whether the proposed split actually explains the visible sound change.
Read the study note →- Sanskrit-form retention
The preservation of a word's Sanskrit spelling or pronunciation pattern in Hindi, especially clusters and learned suffixes.
Where it helps It is the main clue for identifying Tatsam words.
Read the study note →- Sarthak word
A meaningful and appropriate word that expresses the phrase without adding an unwanted sense or omitting a controlling qualifier.
Where it helps RPSC wording stresses उपयुक्त सार्थक शब्द, so precision matters more than loose synonymy.
Read the study note →- Semantic axis
A semantic axis is the single property being reversed, such as purity, size, movement, fairness, speech, quantity or emotional state.
Where it helps Identifying the axis helps select the exact opposite and reject merely different words.
Read the study note →- Semicolon
Semicolon is a pause stronger than comma and weaker than full stop, usually joining related independent clauses or larger list-units.
Where it helps It prevents confusion between comma-level pauses and full sentence separation.
Read the study note →- Sentence purity
Sentence purity is the correction of sentence-level grammatical and semantic defects. It checks whether words, case markers, order, agreement, tense, voice and mood form one standard, complete sentence.
Where it helps This is the direct syllabus topic and the basis of शुद्ध वाक्य, अशुद्ध वाक्य and no-error objective questions.
Read the study note →- Sentence recognition
Sentence recognition is the skill of locating the indeclinable in an actual sentence and naming its function from context.
Where it helps It matches the application-heavy PYQ signal better than rote listing of definitions.
Read the study note →- Shabd-yugm
A word-pair category that can include related, contrasting, paired, or commonly confused words. It is broader than sound-based homophone or near-homophone pairs.
Where it helps Candidates must not treat every word-pair question as a samoccharit question.
Read the study note →- Shrutisam pair
A pair whose members appear close to the ear because their sounds are very similar. The written form may differ by a matra, consonant, nasal sign, conjunct, or aspirated sound.
Where it helps Many exam options use near-sound pairs rather than perfectly identical pronunciations.
Read the study note →- Similar-keyword trap
A trap where several idioms share one word, but the full fixed expressions carry different meanings.
Where it helps Examples with आँख, हाथ, नाक, दाल, and सिर are especially useful for objective elimination practice.
Read the study note →- Sound-change clue
A visible phonetic shift such as cluster simplification, vowel change, nasalization, or shortening from Sanskrit to Hindi.
Where it helps These clues help identify Tadbhav and separate it from pure Tatsam.
Read the study note →- State noun
A word that names a condition or state, such as दुविधा, असमंजस, मूर्छा, अराजकता, or वैमनस्य.
Where it helps State words are common where the phrase describes mental, social, physical, or legal condition.
Read the study note →- Suffix
A suffix is an element added after a base to form a new word, such as -ता, -त्व, -नीय, -इक or -आलय.
Where it helps Suffix knowledge helps verify forms such as दायित्व, संवैधानिक, पठनीय, न्यायालय and विद्यालय.
Read the study note →- Suffixless option
An option where the suspected final letters are not a detachable, meaning-producing suffix.
Where it helps Exception questions often require selecting the word that does not contain the named suffix.
Read the study note →- Swar sandhi
Swar sandhi is a vowel-based change caused by the contact of a vowel with another vowel.
Where it helps Dirgh, gun, vriddhi, yan, and ayadi patterns form the most frequent recognition set for Hindi grammar questions.
Read the study note →- Synonym
A synonym is a word that has the same or closest meaning as another word in a given context or register.
Where it helps This is the core topic tested through direct selection and grouped-option questions.
Read the study note →- Synonym discretion
Judgement used to choose among near synonyms by considering nuance, tone, collocation, register, and context rather than broad equivalence alone.
Where it helps The syllabus names this separately, so it must be prepared beyond ordinary synonym lists.
Read the study note →- Synonym trap
A synonym trap presents two similar or near-similar words as if they were opposites, such as भय-डर or क्रोध-रोष.
Where it helps It tests whether the candidate keeps पर्यायवाची and विलोम categories separate.
Read the study note →- Tadbhav
A tadbhav word is a historically developed Hindi form derived through sound change and accepted as standard in usage.
Where it helps It prevents the mistaken assumption that only Sanskrit-like forms can be correct.
Read the study note →- Taddhit pratyay
A suffix added mainly to a noun or adjective base to express relation, abstract state, quality, origin, possession or class.
Where it helps It covers many high-yield forms ending in abstract or relation suffixes.
Read the study note →- Tatpurush samas
Tatpurush is a compound in which one member is dependent on the other through a suppressed case relation. Its subtypes include karm, karan, sampradan, apadan, sambandh and adhikaran.
Where it helps RPSC Hindi questions frequently test tatpurush subtypes directly, especially through example-classification items.
Read the study note →- Tatsam
A tatsam word is a word taken relatively directly from Sanskrit and usually preserving learned spelling, such as प्रश्न, क्षेत्र or शास्त्र.
Where it helps Tatsam awareness explains why many formal words retain conjuncts and specific letter choices.
Read the study note →- Tatsam synonym
A tatsam synonym is a Sanskrit-derived equivalent used in standard, formal, or literary Hindi.
Where it helps RPSC-level vocabulary often tests elevated words such as रवि, सलिल, व्योम, पावक, and नृप.
Read the study note →- Tatsam vocabulary
Tatsam vocabulary consists of Sanskrit-derived Hindi words retained in a formal form, such as प्रत्यक्ष, परोक्ष, स्थूल, सूक्ष्म, उत्कर्ष and अपकर्ष.
Where it helps Graduate-register Hindi often tests formal pairs rather than only everyday opposites.
Read the study note →- Tatsam-tadbhav distinction
A distinction between Sanskrit-derived forms preserved close to the original and evolved common Hindi forms, often with different register even where meaning overlaps.
Where it helps Pairs such as अग्नि-आग and नेत्र-आंख show why equivalent meanings may not be equally suitable.
Read the study note →- Tense
Tense locates the action in present, past or future time through verb and auxiliary forms.
Where it helps Candidates must distinguish present, past and future forms without confusing them with aspect or mood labels.
Read the study note →- Time adverb
A time adverb tells when, how often or in what time frame the action occurs, as in `आज`, `अभी`, or `प्रतिदिन`.
Where it helps It supports quick identification in options where the sentence includes a clear temporal marker.
Read the study note →- Transitive verb
A transitive verb takes an object that receives the action, such as राम ने पत्र लिखा where पत्र is the object of लिखा.
Where it helps Frequent in questions asking whether the verb requires कर्म.
Read the study note →- Two-suffix formation
A layered formation in which one suffix first creates an intermediate word and another suffix is then added to it.
Where it helps RPSC-style questions may directly ask which option contains two suffixes.
Read the study note →- Two-way recall
Two-way recall means being able to answer both directions of a pair, for example उदार-कृपण and कृपण-उदार.
Where it helps Objective papers may use either member of the antonym pair as the question stem.
Read the study note →- Unsuitable equivalent
An option that fails to substitute a phrase because it is too broad, too narrow, opposite, wrongly staged, or in the wrong register.
Where it helps This is a common objective-question variation of one-word substitution.
Read the study note →- Upasarg
A prefix added before a base word to change or extend its meaning.
Where it helps It must be distinguished from pratyay because exam options often mix prefixal and suffixal formations.
Read the study note →- Upsarg
Upsarg is a meaningful element placed before a base word to change or sharpen its sense. It does not function as the final ending of the word and is tested through identification, meaning and boundary questions.
Where it helps This is the core concept of the topic and the direct target of RPSC SI word-formation MCQs.
Read the study note →- Usage cue
A short context marker that shows where a word naturally fits, such as order, application, leave, capacity, forgiveness, Act, rule, or proposal.
Where it helps Usage cues turn memorised pairs into reliable sentence-level decisions.
Read the study note →- Usage family
A study grouping of idioms or proverbs by sense, such as honour, deception, effort, anger, scarcity, or consequence.
Where it helps Family-based revision helps compare close options quickly in MCQs.
Read the study note →- Value judgement
The positive, neutral, or negative evaluation carried by a word, beyond its basic subject area.
Where it helps It distinguishes words such as मितव्ययी, कंजूस, कृपण, उदार, साहसी, धृष्ट, and उद्दंड.
Read the study note →- Verb
A verb expresses action, occurrence, state, process or being in a sentence and carries tense, aspect, mood and agreement in Hindi usage.
Where it helps Core category for सकर्मक, अकर्मक, द्विकर्मक, संयुक्त and प्रेरणार्थक classification.
Read the study note →- Vigrah
Vigrah is the explanatory expansion of a compound that restores the hidden relation, such as ‘राजा का पुत्र’ for ‘राजपुत्र’ or ‘माता और पिता’ for ‘माता-पिता’. It is the main diagnostic tool for classification.
Where it helps Correct vigrah prevents wrong answers caused by guessing from surface form alone.
Read the study note →- Visarg sandhi
Visarg sandhi is the change caused when a visarg-ending form meets a vowel or consonant.
Where it helps It explains forms such as मनोरंजन, निराशा, निस्संदेह, दुर्गुण, and नमस्कार.
Read the study note →- Visarga
Visarga is the ः sign retained in several learned Hindi words, especially Sanskrit-derived forms such as निःशब्द, प्रातःकाल and अंतःकरण.
Where it helps It is a visible marker in many formal शब्द-शुद्धि contrasts.
Read the study note →- Voice
Voice describes whether the sentence is organised around the doer, the object or the action-state itself.
Where it helps The paper may ask candidates to identify कर्तृवाच्य, कर्मवाच्य or भाववाच्य in short sentences.
Read the study note →- Vriddhi sandhi
Vriddhi sandhi changes अ or आ before ए/ऐ or ओ/औ into ऐ or औ-type results.
Where it helps It is needed for forms such as मतैक्य and महौषध and for eliminating over-simple splits.
Read the study note →- Vyanjan sandhi
Vyanjan sandhi is a consonant-based sound change caused by the contact of consonants or a consonant with a vowel.
Where it helps It covers high-yield traps such as सत् + जन = सज्जन and षट् + आनन = षडानन.
Read the study note →- Witness
A witness is a person who gives testimony, saw or heard a relevant fact, attests a document, or is called to support proof before an authority or court.
Where it helps Frequently confused with evidence; SI questions can test witness-साक्षी against evidence-साक्ष्य.
Read the study note →- Word choice
Word choice is selecting the word that fits a sentence's meaning, tone, grammar, and context.
Where it helps A word can be a broad synonym yet still be unsuitable in a specific sentence.
Read the study note →- Word order
Word order is the arrangement of words and phrases in a sentence. In Hindi it is flexible, but modifiers and verbs still need natural and clear placement.
Where it helps Misplaced only-words, modifiers and complements are common traps in choose-the-correct-sentence questions.
Read the study note →- Word purity
Word purity is the recognition of the accepted standard form of a Hindi word, including its spelling, matra, nasal sign, conjunct consonant and formal usage.
Where it helps It is the core skill of this topic and directly matches RPSC-style शुद्ध-अशुद्ध word questions.
Read the study note →- Word-pair distinction
Word-pair distinction is the skill of separating related pairs, role pairs, synonyms and true opposites by their actual meaning relation.
Where it helps It protects antonym answers when vocabulary topics are practised together.
Read the study note →- Yan sandhi
Yan sandhi replaces इ/ई with य्, उ/ऊ with व्, and ऋ with र् when followed by a different vowel.
Where it helps It explains forms like इत्यादि, स्वागत, अन्वेषण, and पित्रादेश-style splits.
Read the study note →- Yugm shabd
A pair of words studied together because their meanings, forms, sounds, origins, or usage fields can be confused. The exam task is to distinguish each member precisely.
Where it helps This is the central unit of the topic and the basis of pair-meaning MCQs.
Read the study note →