RSSB Patwar
151 key terms for this subject — each defined in plain language, with where it helps in the exam and a link to the study note it comes from.
- Abstract noun suffix
A suffix that forms a quality or state noun, such as 'ता' in 'सुंदरता' or 'पन' in 'बचपन'.
Where it helps Many high-yield pratyay questions use abstract noun-forming suffixes.
Read the study note →- Abstract opposite
An antonym pair involving ideas or qualities such as justice-injustice, hope-despair or respect-insult.
Where it helps Many difficult antonym questions test abstract nouns and adjectives.
Read the study note →- Administrative terminology
Standard words used in official correspondence, government notices, office orders, records and public-administration documents.
Where it helps The syllabus and Patwar paper signal both support English official term to Hindi equivalent practice.
Read the study note →- Agent suffix
A suffix that forms a person or doer word, such as 'क' in 'लेखक' or 'कार' in 'कलाकार'.
Where it helps Useful for occupation and person-noun construction questions.
Read the study note →- Agreement
The matching of related words in gender, number or person, especially noun-adjective and subject-verb relations.
Where it helps Sentence-correction questions often hinge on forms such as मेरी पुस्तक नई है or अधिकारी उपस्थित हैं.
Read the study note →- All-correct set
An objective-question format in which an option is correct only if every listed word or sentence in that option is correct.
Where it helps It trains candidates to check each item rather than selecting a group because one word looks familiar.
Read the study note →- Animation
A PowerPoint effect applied to an object on a slide, such as text, image or chart.
Where it helps Commonly contrasted with slide transitions.
Read the study note →- Antonym
A word that expresses the opposite meaning on the same quality, action or degree scale as the headword.
Where it helps Core question type and frequent passage-linked vocabulary skill.
Read the study note →- Anunasik
Nasalisation of a vowel, often shown with chandrabindu in words such as माँ, चाँद and हँसना.
Where it helps It is a common one-sign trap in shuddhi questions when options mix nasal vowel and nasal consonant signs.
Read the study note →- Anusvar
The dot sign used in many Hindi spellings to mark a nasal sound, especially before consonants or in established standard forms.
Where it helps It helps distinguish correct forms such as संबंध, संलग्न and संपत्ति from misspelled options.
Read the study note →- Application Software
Software used directly by users to perform specific tasks such as writing, calculation, presentation or image editing.
Where it helps Helps classify Word, Excel and PowerPoint correctly in software-category questions.
Read the study note →- Article
A, an and the are articles. They mark whether a noun is indefinite, specific, unique or already known in context.
Where it helps Article usage appears directly in Patwar-style part-based error questions.
Read the study note →- Automatic operation
The ability of a computer to execute a loaded program step by step without continuous human control after the job has begun.
Where it helps Patwar PYQ signal directly tests this as a computer characteristic.
Read the study note →- Avyayibhav samas
A compound in which an indeclinable-like first element usually guides the whole meaning, often with an adverbial sense.
Where it helps Must be distinguished from case-relation compounds in type-recognition questions.
Read the study note →- Ayadi sandhi
A vowel sandhi where ए, ऐ, ओ or औ changes into अय, आय, अव or आव before a vowel.
Where it helps It prevents confusion in examples such as "नाविक", "नायक" and "गायक".
Read the study note →- Bahuvrihi samas
An external-meaning compound that denotes a person or object possessing the stated quality, not merely the inner words themselves.
Where it helps A major recognition trap because it can resemble descriptive compounds on the surface.
Read the study note →- Base word
The meaningful word or stem to which a prefix or suffix is attached, such as 'सफल' in 'असफलता'.
Where it helps Affix separation is valid only when the remaining base word makes sense.
Read the study note →- Booting
The startup process in which a computer initializes hardware and loads the operating system into memory.
Where it helps Links OS theory with beginner operations such as power on, login, desktop and application launch.
Read the study note →- Cell
The box formed at the intersection of a row and a column in a spreadsheet.
Where it helps Basic unit for entering data and formulas in Excel.
Read the study note →- Chart
A visual representation of worksheet data, such as a column, bar, line or pie chart.
Where it helps Links Excel data with visual presentation of numeric information.
Read the study note →- Circular
An official communication circulated to several offices, persons or units for information, instruction or action.
Where it helps It appears in government vocabulary and is a standard matching term.
Read the study note →- CLI
A text-based interface where the user types commands for the operating system to interpret and execute.
Where it helps Frequently contrasted with GUI in basic computer awareness questions.
Read the study note →- Closest meaning
The option that best matches the accepted sense of the expression in the given context.
Where it helps Meaning-selection questions should be solved by matching overall sense and tone.
Read the study note →- Collocation
A natural partnership of words that commonly occur together in standard usage.
Where it helps Pairs such as pay attention and lodge a complaint help candidates choose natural English options.
Read the study note →- Comparative degree
The adjective or adverb form used to compare two persons, things or actions, such as better, older or more carefully.
Where it helps Exam questions often contrast comparative and superlative usage.
Read the study note →- Compliance
Following an order, rule, instruction or requirement in the prescribed manner.
Where it helps It is a formal administrative word often used in official instructions and reports.
Read the study note →- Computer organization
The arrangement and working relationship of input, processing, memory, storage and output components in a computer system.
Where it helps It is the umbrella idea behind RAM, ROM, file system and input-device questions in this topic.
Read the study note →- Confusion pair
Two expressions that look similar or share a word but differ in meaning, tone or usage.
Where it helps Pairs such as all ears and deaf ear prevent errors in close-option questions.
Read the study note →- Context clue
Information in the sentence that reveals which meaning of an expression is intended.
Where it helps It is essential for multi-meaning phrasal verbs such as put off, take off and bring up.
Read the study note →- Contextual meaning
The specific sense a word carries in a sentence or passage, as distinct from every possible dictionary meaning.
Where it helps Prevents choosing a technically related but unsuitable option.
Read the study note →- Data inadequate
A result where the passage does not provide enough evidence to decide whether a statement is true or false.
Where it helps It prevents candidates from answering with outside knowledge.
Read the study note →- Data Source
The list or table that stores recipient records and fields used during a mail merge.
Where it helps Separates the recipient list from the main document in mail-merge questions.
Read the study note →- Deergh sandhi
A vowel sandhi where similar vowels combine into a long vowel, such as अ + आ becoming आ.
Where it helps It explains common examples like "देवालय" and "विद्यालय".
Read the study note →- Degree
The strength of meaning in a word, such as mild, strong or extreme.
Where it helps Distinguishes near choices such as angry, irritable and furious.
Read the study note →- Determiner
A word placed before a noun to mark quantity, reference or possession, such as this, each, every, many, much, some or any.
Where it helps Determiner choice is tested through number, countability and meaning.
Read the study note →- Device Driver
Software that allows the operating system to communicate with and control a particular hardware device.
Where it helps Connects the OS function of peripheral control with printers, scanners, sound and network devices.
Read the study note →- Direct fact
Information clearly stated in the passage, usually traceable to one sentence or a close paraphrase.
Where it helps It is the safest question type when solved by line matching.
Read the study note →- Dvigu samas
A number-based compound that commonly denotes a group, collection or quantified whole.
Where it helps Needs careful separation from ordinary pairings and dwandva compounds.
Read the study note →- Dwandva samas
A compound in which the members are equally important and the vigrah usually uses "और" or "या".
Where it helps Directly useful for examples such as "माता-पिता", "दिन-रात" and "सुख-दुख".
Read the study note →- Dynamic RAM
A type of RAM whose stored information must be refreshed periodically while power is present.
Where it helps The DRAM-refresh fact appears as a direct memory trap in Patwar-level preparation.
Read the study note →- Elimination strategy
A method of rejecting options by wrong part of speech, wrong scale, wrong tone or weak contextual fit.
Where it helps Practical scoring method for objective synonym and antonym questions.
Read the study note →- Error spotting
An objective grammar task in which a sentence is divided into parts and the candidate identifies the part containing a grammatical or usage error.
Where it helps Core Patwar question format for correction of common errors.
Read the study note →- External referent
The person or object indicated by a compound even though it is not directly named by the internal members.
Where it helps The decisive clue for bahuvrihi examples such as "लंबोदर" and "दशानन".
Read the study note →- False affix
A letter group that resembles an affix but does not function as one because the remaining part is not a meaningful base.
Where it helps Prevents blind splitting of words by matching only first or last letters.
Read the study note →- Figurative meaning
The accepted non-literal sense of an expression as used by speakers and writers.
Where it helps Most idiom questions ask for this meaning rather than a dictionary meaning of each separate word.
Read the study note →- File Management
The OS function of organizing files and folders and supporting operations such as create, open, copy, move and delete.
Where it helps Important for practical Patwar questions on everyday computer use.
Read the study note →- File system
The operating-system method for naming, locating, organizing and managing files and folders on a storage device.
Where it helps It covers files, folders, paths, drives, extensions and basic file operations.
Read the study note →- Fixed phrase
A ready-made expression whose words normally stay together and carry a stable meaning.
Where it helps Expressions such as by no means, subject to and on behalf of fit the phrases part of the syllabus.
Read the study note →- Formula
An expression entered in Excel to calculate a result, normally beginning with an equals sign.
Where it helps Connects Excel with calculation questions.
Read the study note →- Function
A predefined formula in Excel, such as SUM, AVERAGE, MIN, MAX or COUNT.
Where it helps Important for distinguishing user-written formulas from built-in calculation tools.
Read the study note →- GUI
A graphical interface using windows, icons, menus, buttons and pointer actions to operate the computer.
Where it helps Windows questions often connect operating systems with desktop-based graphical operation.
Read the study note →- Gun sandhi
A vowel sandhi where अ or आ combines with इ, उ or ऋ family sounds to form ए, ओ or अर्.
Where it helps It is crucial for examples such as "महेश" and "परोपकार".
Read the study note →- Hardware
The physical parts of a computer system, such as processor, memory chips, keyboard, mouse, scanner, monitor and storage drive.
Where it helps Device-classification questions require separating hardware from software and knowing each component's role.
Read the study note →- Hidden relation
The relation marker removed during compound formation, such as "का", "से", "में", "और" or "जिसका".
Where it helps Identifying this relation is the fastest way to solve vigrah and type questions.
Read the study note →- Idiom
A fixed or semi-fixed expression whose accepted meaning is not fully obtained by translating each word separately.
Where it helps It is the central item type in meaning-selection questions on phrases and idioms.
Read the study note →- Idiomatic grammar
Standard patterns of usage that sound natural in English because of convention, such as interested in and responsible for.
Where it helps Correct usage questions often depend on fixed grammar patterns rather than literal translation.
Read the study note →- Inference
A conclusion that is not stated in the exact words but follows reasonably from the passage evidence.
Where it helps Patwar-style passages can test what is probably true or implied.
Read the study note →- Inspection
A formal examination or checking of a place, work, record, office or process by an authorised person.
Where it helps Questions may trap candidates by mixing it with सत्यापन or जाँच.
Read the study note →- Karmadharaya samas
A descriptive compound in which the members point to the same object and one qualifies or compares the other.
Where it helps Frequently tested through adjective-noun examples such as "नीलकमल".
Read the study note →- Kernel
The core part of an operating system that manages processor, memory, devices and essential system services.
Where it helps A simple kernel definition is enough to handle common terminology questions without deep internals.
Read the study note →- Land record
Official documentation relating to land, holdings, ownership, entries, maps or revenue records.
Where it helps It connects administrative terminology directly with Patwar work context.
Read the study note →- Literal trap
A wrong option that follows the visible words of an idiom but misses its figurative meaning.
Where it helps The Patwar-style idiom format can distract candidates who translate word by word.
Read the study note →- Lokokti
A proverb or complete traditional saying that expresses a practical truth, warning, moral sense or social observation.
Where it helps It is tested through meaning and situation-based application rather than literary background.
Read the study note →- Mail Merge
A Word feature that combines a standard main document with recipient data to create personalized copies.
Where it helps Directly supports PYQ-style questions on essential mail-merge components.
Read the study note →- Main Document
The fixed Word document in a mail merge that contains common text and placeholders for variable data.
Where it helps One of the essential components of mail merge.
Read the study note →- Main idea
The central point or overall purpose of the passage, broader than one example but narrower than an unrelated general claim.
Where it helps It is used in title, theme, and central-message questions.
Read the study note →- Matra
A vowel sign attached to a consonant in Devanagari, such as the signs that distinguish कि, की, कु, कू and के.
Where it helps Many word-correction options differ only by a matra, so visual checking is essential.
Read the study note →- Meaningful split
A split in which both restored parts are real words or accepted stems, not random letter pieces.
Where it helps It is the best guard against tempting but incorrect MCQ options.
Read the study note →- Memorandum
A formal written note or communication used in administrative and office contexts.
Where it helps It is commonly tested as an exact equivalent and is not the same as an ordinary पत्र.
Read the study note →- Merge Field
A placeholder inserted in the main document that is replaced by data from a matching field in the data source.
Where it helps Often tested as a core mail-merge component.
Read the study note →- Modifier
A word, phrase or clause that describes or limits another word, such as an adjective, adverb or participial phrase.
Where it helps Misplaced modifiers make official sentences unclear or grammatically wrong.
Read the study note →- Muhavara
A fixed Hindi idiomatic expression whose accepted figurative meaning is different from a simple word-by-word meaning.
Where it helps Patwar questions may ask the meaning, correct use or suitable idiom for a situation.
Read the study note →- Multitasking
The operating system's ability to manage multiple running tasks or processes during the same working period.
Where it helps Usually tested with task scheduling and practical examples of several programs running together.
Read the study note →- Mutation
A land-record process involving change or transfer of name in official record entries after a relevant transaction or event.
Where it helps It is a Rajasthan revenue-context term useful for Patwar vocabulary practice.
Read the study note →- Nature-word cluster
A synonym group built around natural objects such as sun, moon, earth, sky, fire, wind, river and lotus.
Where it helps These clusters are among the most common school-level Hindi vocabulary groups.
Read the study note →- Negation prefix
A prefix that reverses or denies the base meaning, such as 'अ' in 'असत्य' or 'अन' in 'अनुचित'.
Where it helps Negation is one of the most common meaning effects in upsarg questions.
Read the study note →- No error
An option used when all parts of the sentence are grammatically and idiomatically acceptable in standard exam English.
Where it helps Prevents forced correction when the given sentence is already correct.
Read the study note →- Notification
A formal official announcement or published government communication carrying administrative or legal effect.
Where it helps It is a high-frequency English-to-Hindi administrative equivalent and should not be confused with general सूचना.
Read the study note →- Office Suite
A collection of office-use programs that work on documents, spreadsheets, presentations and related productivity tasks.
Where it helps Frames MS Office as a suite rather than one single type of program.
Read the study note →- Official-context phrase
A phrase commonly used in administrative or formal sentences, such as as per, in accordance with or subject to.
Where it helps Patwar English can use simple official situations, so these phrases are exam-relevant.
Read the study note →- One-word expression
A compact word used for a longer phrase, such as a person, quality, document, action or condition.
Where it helps Patwar paper signal includes phrase-to-word General Hindi items near this topic area.
Read the study note →- Operating System
System software that manages hardware resources, runs programs, controls files and devices, and provides the user interface.
Where it helps This is the central answer target for Patwar questions describing scheduling, peripheral control and basic computer functions.
Read the study note →- Option elimination
Rejecting choices that are contradicted, not given, too broad, too narrow, or grammatically unsuitable.
Where it helps It improves speed and accuracy in objective comprehension.
Read the study note →- Part of speech
The grammatical class of a word, such as noun, verb, adjective or adverb.
Where it helps Helps eliminate options that match the idea but not the grammar.
Read the study note →- Path
The address or route that tells the computer where a file or folder is located in the storage hierarchy.
Where it helps Beginner file-system questions often ask how a stored item is located.
Read the study note →- Phrasal verb
A verb combined with a preposition or adverb to form a meaning unit, often different from the base verb.
Where it helps Objective English commonly tests combinations such as look into, put off, give up and take over.
Read the study note →- Phrase
A group of words that works as a unit inside a sentence but is not usually a complete sentence by itself.
Where it helps The syllabus names phrases along with idioms, so fixed expressions and official phrases must be covered.
Read the study note →- Polarity
The positive, negative or neutral direction of meaning carried by a word.
Where it helps Important for antonym questions and tone-based elimination.
Read the study note →- Possessive suffix
A suffix that shows possession or association, such as 'वान' in 'धनवान' or 'दार' in 'दुकानदार'.
Where it helps Helps distinguish adjective-forming and noun-forming pratyay options.
Read the study note →- Postposition
A relation word placed after a noun or pronoun in Hindi, such as ने, को, से, में, पर, का, की and के.
Where it helps Wrong postposition choice can make an official sentence grammatically incorrect or change its meaning.
Read the study note →- Pratyay
A suffix-like element placed after a base word or root to form a related noun, adjective, quality word or abstract noun.
Where it helps Central term for suffix recognition, separation and word formation questions.
Read the study note →- Prefix
A word part added at the beginning of a word to modify its meaning.
Where it helps Helps infer words such as dishonest, impossible, rewrite and postpone.
Read the study note →- Prefix opposite
An opposite formed with a prefix such as अ, अन, अप, अव, निर, कु or दु when accepted in standard usage.
Where it helps Useful for pairs like शुद्ध-अशुद्ध and न्याय-अन्याय, but not automatic for every word.
Read the study note →- Preposition
A word such as in, on, at, by, for or with that links a noun or pronoun to another word and shows relation.
Where it helps Common usage errors often involve wrong or unnecessary prepositions.
Read the study note →- Pronoun antecedent
The noun or noun phrase to which a pronoun refers, such as the committee in the committee gave its decision.
Where it helps Pronoun agreement and reference errors depend on identifying the antecedent.
Read the study note →- Qualifier
A word that limits the strength or scope of a claim, such as some, may, usually, only, or always.
Where it helps It helps distinguish safe inference from overstatement.
Read the study note →- QWERTY
A common keyboard layout named after the first six letters on the top alphabet row.
Where it helps It is a direct keyboard-related signal in input-device questions.
Read the study note →- RAM
Volatile primary memory used as the computer's active working area for running programs and current data.
Where it helps Questions often ask whether RAM is secondary storage or where active programs are held.
Read the study note →- Record
An official stored account, file entry or documented information maintained for reference and proof.
Where it helps Patwar and revenue-office vocabulary frequently uses record and land-record terms.
Read the study note →- Register
The level of usage such as everyday, formal, literary-common or highly literary.
Where it helps Register helps decide between choices like पानी, जल, नीर and वारि.
Read the study note →- ROM
Non-volatile memory that stores fixed or semi-fixed instructions, especially firmware or startup instructions.
Where it helps It is contrasted with RAM in questions on volatile and non-volatile memory.
Read the study note →- Root clue
A meaning hint from the base element of a word family, such as cred for belief or port for carry.
Where it helps Supports vocabulary inference when the exact word is unfamiliar.
Read the study note →- Samas
A Hindi grammar process in which two or more meaningful words combine into a compact compound while preserving a specific relation.
Where it helps Core syllabus item; every type, vigrah and samast-pad question depends on this concept.
Read the study note →- Samas-vigrah
The expansion of a compound into meaningful constituent words with the relation restored, such as "राजा का पुत्र" for "राजपुत्र".
Where it helps A listed syllabus operation and a likely objective-question format.
Read the study note →- Samast pad
The compound word produced by samas, such as "राजपुत्र", "नीलकमल" or "माता-पिता".
Where it helps Directly tested when a question asks for the correct compound form from a vigrah phrase.
Read the study note →- Same-object description
A relation in which both compound members describe the same object, as in an adjective-noun or comparison-noun phrase.
Where it helps The practical test for karmadharaya against tatpurush and bahuvrihi.
Read the study note →- Sandhi
A sound change produced when two sounds meet at a word boundary and form a joined expression.
Where it helps It is the central concept behind questions asking for the correct joined Hindi form.
Read the study note →- Sandhi-viched
The process of splitting a joined word into its original parts and explaining the boundary sound change.
Where it helps Patwar questions often ask candidates to recognise the correct split among options.
Read the study note →- Scanning
Searching a passage for specific keywords, names, ideas, or evidence linked to a question.
Where it helps It helps answer direct-detail and vocabulary questions quickly.
Read the study note →- Secondary storage
Long-term non-volatile storage such as a hard disk, solid-state drive, pen drive, memory card or optical disc.
Where it helps It prevents the common mistake of classifying RAM as storage.
Read the study note →- Separation
The grammar task of dividing a word into prefix, base and suffix where each part explains the final meaning.
Where it helps A direct exam format asks candidates to separate or identify affixes in words.
Read the study note →- Shabd-shuddhi
Correction or recognition of the standard written form of a Hindi word, including spelling, matra, nasal sign, consonant cluster and formal word form.
Where it helps It is the direct skill behind Patwar word-purity questions that ask which words are correct or incorrect.
Read the study note →- Shell
The user-facing layer or program through which users interact with operating system services, graphically or through commands.
Where it helps Helps separate the user interface layer from the kernel in simple definition questions.
Read the study note →- Skimming
A quick first reading used to understand the topic, structure, and broad direction of a passage.
Where it helps It saves time by creating a map before detailed evidence search.
Read the study note →- Slide Show
The mode in which a PowerPoint presentation is delivered slide by slide to an audience.
Where it helps Connects PowerPoint with F5, Shift+F5 and Esc shortcut questions.
Read the study note →- Software
Programs and instructions that direct hardware to accept input, process data, store files and produce output.
Where it helps It explains why hardware components need instructions and why the operating system manages devices and files.
Read the study note →- Sound adjustment
A spelling or sound change that occurs when an affix joins a base, as in 'सम् + योग' becoming 'संयोग'.
Where it helps Explains why correct affix forms may look slightly changed in exam words.
Read the study note →- Standard usage
The accepted Hindi form actually used in grammar and writing, even when a mechanical affix addition could produce an invented form.
Where it helps Construction questions reward the standard final word, not a merely possible-looking form.
Read the study note →- Subject-verb agreement
The rule that the verb must match the real subject in number and person, as in he writes but they write.
Where it helps One of the most frequent objective grammar traps.
Read the study note →- Suffix
A word part added at the end of a word, often showing grammar or word class.
Where it helps Helps identify nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs in options.
Read the study note →- Superlative degree
The adjective or adverb form used to compare one member with all members of a group, such as best, oldest or most carefully.
Where it helps Helps detect errors such as the better of all or most tallest.
Read the study note →- Swar sandhi
A sandhi type in which the main change occurs when two vowels meet.
Where it helps दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण and अयादि are the main Patwar-level sub-types.
Read the study note →- Synonym
A word or phrase that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word in a given context.
Where it helps Core question type in the official General English vocabulary scope.
Read the study note →- System Software
Software that runs, controls or maintains the computer system, including the operating system, utilities and language translators.
Where it helps Useful for distinguishing an operating system from applications such as Word, Excel or browsers.
Read the study note →- Tadbhav
A historically developed everyday Hindi form that differs from the older Sanskrit-like form but can still be correct in the right context.
Where it helps It prevents overcorrection: दूध and आँख are valid everyday words even though दुग्ध and नेत्र are tatsam forms.
Read the study note →- Tatpurush samas
A compound in which the second member is generally dominant and the relation is often a hidden case relation.
Where it helps High-frequency category and a common trap against karmadharaya.
Read the study note →- Tatsam
A word used close to its Sanskrit form, often common in formal, administrative and school-grammar registers.
Where it helps Patwar Hindi options may contrast a standard tatsam form with a distorted or colloquial-looking option.
Read the study note →- Terminal
A user station used to communicate with a computer system or server, usually combining input and display facilities.
Where it helps Patwar-style questions may compare dumb, smart and intelligent terminals by local processing capability.
Read the study note →- Tone
The emotional or functional direction of an expression, such as positive, negative, formal, informal, intense or mild.
Where it helps Tone helps eliminate opposite or nearby wrong options in idiom questions.
Read the study note →- Transition
A PowerPoint effect used when moving from one slide to another.
Where it helps Prevents confusion with animation in PowerPoint questions.
Read the study note →- Trap note
A short personal note recording a commonly confused word or option pattern.
Where it helps It makes final revision targeted toward the candidate’s actual mistakes.
Read the study note →- True opposite
An opposite that reverses the same quality, action, relation, time, direction or abstract idea as the stem.
Where it helps It prevents choosing an unrelated negative word as an antonym.
Read the study note →- Unseen passage
A passage not known before the exam, supplied in the question paper for reading and answering objective questions.
Where it helps It is the core text for this syllabus bullet; all answers must be grounded in it.
Read the study note →- Upsarg
A prefix-like element placed before a Hindi base word to change or shade its meaning, such as negation, intensity, quality or direction.
Where it helps Central term for identifying and constructing prefix-based words in Patwar General Hindi.
Read the study note →- Utility Program
Support software used for maintenance, protection or system service tasks such as antivirus, backup or disk cleanup.
Where it helps Often appears as a distractor when the correct answer is operating system or system software.
Read the study note →- Vakya-shuddhi
Correction of sentence-level grammatical errors other than simple spelling errors, including agreement, case, pronoun reference, postposition, tense and voice.
Where it helps It matches the syllabus focus on grammatical correction of sentences in the General Hindi block.
Read the study note →- Verb form
The grammatical shape of a verb, including base form, past form, past participle, -ing form and infinitive.
Where it helps Patwar-style questions can test whether a noun form or verb form is required.
Read the study note →- Verification
The process of checking truth, correctness or authenticity of a fact, document, entry or claim.
Where it helps It is a common administrative process term and differs from inspection.
Read the study note →- Visarg sandhi
A sandhi type in which the visarga sign "ः" changes before a following vowel or consonant.
Where it helps It is needed for splits such as "मनः + भाव" and "निः + आशा".
Read the study note →- Visarga
A sign used in formal tatsam spellings, visible in words such as दुःख, निःशुल्क, अतः and प्रातः.
Where it helps Formal word-purity items may prefer visarga forms over simplified everyday spellings.
Read the study note →- Voice
The grammatical presentation of an action as active, passive or related construction, such as कर्मचारी ने आवेदन जमा किया versus आवेदन जमा किया गया.
Where it helps Official Hindi frequently uses passive constructions, so incomplete passive forms are common traps.
Read the study note →- Vriddhi sandhi
A vowel sandhi where अ or आ combines with ए, ऐ, ओ or औ family sounds to produce ऐ or औ.
Where it helps It helps identify words such as "सदैव" and "वनौषधि".
Read the study note →- Vyanjan sandhi
A sandhi type in which consonants change, double, voice, or become nasal-like at the boundary.
Where it helps It covers recognition forms such as "सदाचार", "सज्जन", "उच्चारण" and "संबंध".
Read the study note →- Word class
The grammatical category of a word, such as noun, adjective, verb or abstract noun.
Where it helps Matching word class removes options like वीरता when the stem asks for साहसी.
Read the study note →- Word family
A group of related forms built from the same base idea, such as decide, decision, decisive and indecisive.
Where it helps Improves retention and protects against grammar-form traps.
Read the study note →- Word formation
The process of creating a new accepted word by adding an upsarg, a pratyay or both to a base word.
Where it helps The official scope includes constructing words through affix combination.
Read the study note →- Word Processor
Software used to create, edit, format, save and print text-based documents.
Where it helps Identifies MS Word in purpose-based matching questions.
Read the study note →- Word-pair distinction
The distinction between similar-looking or similar-sounding words that have different meanings.
Where it helps It is tested near vocabulary and prevents traps like अनल-अनिल or शोक-शौक.
Read the study note →- Workbook
The Excel file that can contain one or more worksheets.
Where it helps Solves the common workbook versus worksheet distinction.
Read the study note →- Worksheet
An individual sheet inside an Excel workbook, made of rows, columns and cells.
Where it helps Used in questions about spreadsheet structure.
Read the study note →- Yan sandhi
A vowel sandhi where final इ, ई, उ, ऊ or ऋ changes into य, व or र before another vowel.
Where it helps It explains familiar exam examples such as "यद्यपि", "इत्यादि" and "स्वागत".
Read the study note →