The Lok Sabha passed the Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India (SHANTI) Bill, 2025 on December 17, 2025, by voice vote amid a walkout by opposition MPs who demanded its referral to a Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) or a Standing Committee for deeper scrutiny. The Bill was tabled on December 15 and approved in the lower house two days later. It repeals two foundational laws — the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010 — replacing them with a single consolidated legislation aligned with India's 21st-century energy requirements. The most transformative provision allows Indian private companies and their joint ventures with government entities to obtain licences to generate nuclear power, handle nuclear fuel, and manufacture nuclear equipment — including uranium conversion, refining, and enrichment up to a government-specified threshold. Sensitive activities such as weapons-related nuclear processes remain exclusively under state control. The Bill grants statutory recognition to the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), strengthening its independence from the Department of Atomic Energy. A graded liability framework replaces the earlier uniform statutory cap on operator liability, addressing a key concern that had deterred international reactor suppliers. MoS Jitendra Singh presented the Bill in the Rajya Sabha the same day, describing it as 'landmark legislation'. The SHANTI Act aligns with India's target to expand nuclear power capacity to 100 GW by 2047 and its commitment to net-zero emissions by 2070.