Department of Telecommunications Releases National Frequency Allocation Plan 2025 (NFAP-2025) Effective December 30

The Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Ministry of Communications, released the National Frequency Allocation Plan 2025 (NFAP-2025), which came into effect on December 30, 2025. NFAP-2025 provides the allocation of radio-frequency spectrum to various radio-communication services in the frequency range 8.3 kHz to 3000 GHz, serving as an essential reference for spectrum managers, wireless operators, and telecom equipment manufacturers. The plan is designed to align India's spectrum management framework with global standards and enable next-generation communication technologies. A major highlight of NFAP-2025 is the formal identification of the 6425 to 7125 MHz band for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), which enhances mid-band spectrum for 5G, 5G Advanced and future 6G networks. The plan also allocates the Ka, Q and V bands for satellite-based services, supporting both geo-stationary orbit (GSO) and non-GSO satellite constellations including low-earth-orbit and medium-earth-orbit systems. NFAP-2025 recognizes 6G as part of the mobile service family alongside 2G through 5G, with multiple bands earmarked for IMT use that can later be assigned to 6G once standards are finalised and auctions are held. It also strengthens spectrum support for In-Flight and Maritime Connectivity, high-capacity backhaul for remote 5G and 6G sites, and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication. By providing a forward-looking framework that balances terrestrial, satellite, broadcasting, defence and scientific uses, NFAP-2025 positions India to benefit from the global harmonisation of spectrum decisions taken at World Radiocommunication Conferences while meeting domestic demand for broadband, digital services and connected technologies.