Investigation Provisions — Sections 176–195

5.1 Investigation Timeline

BNSS introduces mandatory timelines:

Stage	Time Limit	Provision
Chargesheet filing (person in custody)	60 days	S.193(1)
Chargesheet filing (person not in custody)	90 days	S.193(1)
Bail entitlement if chargesheet not filed	Day 61/91	S.193(2)
Supplementary chargesheet	Further 60 days	S.193

5.2 Mandatory Forensic Investigation — Section 176

For offences punishable with 7 or more years imprisonment:

• Forensic expert must visit the crime scene
• Forensic evidence (fingerprints, DNA, ballistics) must be collected
• Audio-visual documentation of crime scene is mandatory
• This documentation becomes part of the chargesheet

Significance: Previously, forensic examination was at the discretion of the investigating officer. Many high-profile cases failed due to poor forensic evidence. BNSS S.176 mandates scientific investigation.

5.3 Medical Examination of Victim — Section 184

In cases of rape/sexual assault:

• Victim must be medically examined within 24 hours of reporting
• Examination by female registered medical practitioner (or a qualified male doctor with female attendant)
• Medical report must be sent to the Magistrate and police
• Examination cannot be delayed for any reason

New provision — Section 397: The hospital/clinic cannot refuse to examine rape victims and must provide free medical treatment.

5.4 Confession and Statement

Confession to police officer: Under Section 23 (BSA), a confession to a police officer is not admissible as evidence — this principle from old Evidence Act is retained.

Confession before Magistrate (Judicial Confession): Under Section 183, a Magistrate can record the confession of a person — this IS admissible if given voluntarily. Magistrate must ensure the person is not being coerced.

Statement to police during investigation: Under Section 180, statements recorded during investigation are not evidence by themselves but can be used to contradict witnesses who change their story in court.

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