Record of Rights — Detailed Analysis

5.1 Components of the Record of Rights

Under Sections 101–115, the Record of Rights (ROR) for each village comprises:

1. Jamabandi — Master Land Register:

• Combined account of land ownership and cultivation
• Shows: Survey number, area, owner's name, tenant's name, nature of tenure, revenue assessment, type of irrigation, land classification
• Prepared every five years (quinquennially) by Patwari, checked by Kanungo, attested by SDO

2. Khasra Register — Field Register:

• Survey-number-wise details of each agricultural plot
• Crop grown each season (Rabi/Kharif), area under cultivation, whether fallow
• Irrigation source (canal, well, tank, tubewell, rainfall-only/barani)
• Updated every season by Patwari after field inspection

3. Khatuni — Cultivator-wise Register:

• Consolidates all plots cultivated by a single person
• Used for taxation and subsidy targeting
• Effectively an index of the Khasra by cultivator name

4. Mutation Register (— Parivartan Patrak):

• Records all changes in land rights (sale, inheritance, gift, partition, court decree)
• Serial mutations are numbered and traceable
• Acts as the audit trail of the ROR

5. Boundary Map (Naksha/Field Map):

• Cadastral map showing survey number boundaries
• Maintained at Tehsil level
• Used for demarcation disputes

5.2 Legal Effect of the Record of Rights

Presumption of title (Section 110): An entry in the Record of Rights creates a rebuttable presumption in favour of the person named as holder. The ROR is not conclusive title — it can be challenged through the Revenue Courts.

Primary evidence: In any Revenue Court proceeding, the Jamabandi is the starting point. The burden of proof lies on the party challenging the entry, not on the party relying on it.

Importance for loans: Banks and financial institutions rely on the Jamabandi to assess loan eligibility (agri-credit) and the land as collateral.

2021 PYQ (5 marks): "Explain the Record of Rights under the Rajasthan Land Revenue Act 1956."

5.3 Digitisation of Records — Apna Khata

Under DILRMP, Rajasthan has:

• Digitised all Jamabandi (1995 onwards) — accessible online
• Enabled online mutation applications (eMutation)
• Linked land records to Aadhaar for fraud prevention
• Created a Rajasthan Bhu-Naksha portal for cadastral maps
• Enabled integration with IGRS (registration) and banking systems

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