Mutation Procedure — Sections 116–136

6.1 When is Mutation Required?

Mutation (Namantran/Parivartan) is required when:

• Land is sold (after registration)
• Landowner dies (inheritance by legal heirs)
• Land is gifted
• Land is partitioned among family members
• A court decree changes ownership
• A mortgage with possession is created or redeemed

6.2 Mutation Procedure

Step 1: Application submitted to Patwari by interested party (buyer, heir, donee)
Step 2: Patwari issues public notice (notice pasted on board) giving 15 days for objections
Step 3: If no objection — Patwari prepares mutation report recommending approval
Step 4: If objection — Patwari refers to Kanungo who investigates and reports to Tehsildar
Step 5: Tehsildar adjudicates after hearing parties — approves or rejects mutation
Step 6: Approved mutation entered in Mutation Register and Jamabandi updated
Step 7: Mutant receives certified copy of updated Jamabandi

Appeal: Against Tehsildar mutation order → SDO → Collector → Board of Revenue → High Court (writ)

6.3 Effect of Mutation

• Mutation is not conclusive proof of title
• It is however strong prima facie evidence
• Non-mutation does not invalidate the underlying transaction (sale/gift/inheritance)
• But un-mutated land creates complications for revenue payments, bank loans, and further transfers

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