Land Revenue and Contemporary Issues

10.1 Land Titling vs Record of Rights

Current system (presumptive title): Jamabandi creates a presumption of title — but it can be challenged. This leads to long revenue court litigation.

Proposed system (conclusive title): Several states (Maharashtra's Maharashtra Land Titling Act, Karnataka's pilot) are moving to conclusive title where once the title is registered and entered in the ROR, it cannot be challenged except on grounds of fraud. This reduces litigation but requires expensive systematic land surveys.

Rajasthan has discussed a Land Titling Bill but it has not been enacted as of 2026.

10.2 Land Consolidation

Chunkbandi/Chakbandi operations consolidate fragmented small plots into larger consolidated holdings. Rajasthan's fragmented land holdings (average 1.2 ha per family, often scattered across 5–10 plots) reduce agricultural efficiency. Land consolidation helps but requires extensive surveys and community agreement.

10.3 Digitisation and e-Mutation

Rajasthan's e-Mutation (eMutation) system allows:

• Online submission of mutation applications
• SMS alerts to affected parties at each stage
• Online payment of stamp duty
• Auto-generation of updated Jamabandi nakal
• Integration with property registration (IGRS portal)

This has reduced average mutation completion time from 90 days to 30 days and reduced corruption at Patwari level.

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