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Quick Revision Table
| Institution | Article/Act | Appointing Authority | Key Function | PYQ Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UPSC | Art. 315–323 | President | Civil service recruitment & advice | 2023 (Art. 315) |
| SPSC | Art. 315 | Governor | State civil service recruitment | 2023 (5m) |
| Election Commission | Art. 324 | President | Elections superintendence | 2016 (5m) |
| CAG | Art. 148 | President | Government audit | 2018 (5m) |
| Finance Commission | Art. 280 | President | Tax devolution Centre–States | 2026 likely |
| Lokpal | Statute 2013 | President (committee) | PM, Ministers, MPs anti-corruption | 2026 likely |
| NITI Aayog | Cabinet Res. 2015 | PM (ex-officio Chair) | Policy advisory, cooperative federalism | 2026 likely |
| 14th Finance Commission | Art. 280 | President | 42% divisible pool to states | Devolution data |
| 15th Finance Commission | Art. 280 | President | 41%; performance incentives | Devolution data |
| PAC | Parliamentary Rules | Lok Sabha Speaker | Examines CAG reports | Control topic |
| Estimates Committee | Parliamentary Rules | Lok Sabha Speaker | Pre-audit: scrutinises budget estimates | Control topic |
| CEC Removal | Art. 124(4) | Parliament address | Like SC judge — impeachment analogy | Security of tenure |