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Glossary
| Term (EN) | Definition | Exam Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| Administrative Behaviour | Actual decision-making patterns of administrators; Simon 1947 | Behavioural PA |
| Leadership | Capacity to influence and guide others toward organisational goals | Core topic |
| Trait Theory | Leaders possess innate traits — intelligence, confidence; Stogdill 1948 | First theory |
| Initiating Structure | Ohio State dimension: task orientation — defining roles, organising | Behavioral leadership |
| Consideration | Ohio State dimension: relationship orientation — trust, concern for people | Behavioral leadership |
| Likert's System 4 | Participative-group leadership — full trust, mutual goal-setting; ideal system | Likert |
| Managerial Grid | Blake-Mouton 1964: 9×9 matrix; 9,9 (Team) = ideal for PA | 5-mark comparison |
| Fiedler's Contingency | Leadership effectiveness depends on match between style and situational favourableness | Situational theory |
| Path-Goal Theory | House 1971: leaders help subordinates achieve goals; 4 styles | Situational theory |
| LPC Scale | Least Preferred Co-worker — Fiedler's measure of leadership style | Fiedler's measure |
| Situational Leadership | Hersey-Blanchard 1969: match style to follower maturity M1→M4 | Applied leadership |
| Transformational Leadership | Burns 1978: inspire beyond self-interest through vision and values | Reform leadership |
| Transactional Leadership | Burns 1978: exchange-based — rewards for compliance; routine admin | Contrast with transformational |
| Communication | Transmission of information, ideas, instructions between individuals or groups | Core topic |
| Downward Communication | Orders and policies from superiors to subordinates | Direction type |
| Upward Communication | Feedback, reports, grievances from subordinates to superiors | Direction type |
| Grapevine | Informal, spontaneous communication; Keith Davis 1953 — faster than formal | Informal communication |
| Wheel Network | Bavelas 1950: all communicate through central person; fastest for simple tasks | Communication networks |
| All-Channel Network | Bavelas: everyone connected to everyone; best for complex, creative tasks | Communication networks |
| Semantic Barrier | Communication failure due to jargon, ambiguity, or language differences | Barriers |
| Selective Perception | Filtering information to match existing beliefs; psychological barrier | Barriers |
| Morale | Collective attitude, enthusiasm, and sense of purpose of a group | Core topic |
| Esprit de Corps | Fayol's 14th principle: team spirit, solidarity, pride in organisation | High morale indicator |
| HCM RIPA | Harish Chandra Mathur Rajasthan Institute of Public Administration — state training institute | Rajasthan admin training |
Sources: Herbert Simon (1947) Administrative Behavior; Chester Barnard (1938) The Functions of the Executive; Ralph Stogdill (1948) "Personal Factors Associated with Leadership"; Ohio State Leadership Studies (1945–50); Rensis Likert (1967) The Human Organization; Robert Blake & Jane Mouton (1964) The Managerial Grid; Fred Fiedler (1967) A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness; Robert House (1971) "A Path-Goal Theory of Leader Effectiveness"; Paul Hersey & Kenneth Blanchard (1969) Management of Organizational Behavior; James MacGregor Burns (1978) Leadership; Alex Bavelas (1950) communication network experiments; Keith Davis (1953) "A method of studying communication patterns in organizations"; 2nd ARC Report 10: Refurbishing of Personnel Administration; RPSC Mains PYQ 2013–2023.