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Quick Revision Table
| Concept | Key Fact | RPSC Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| Hierarchy / Scalar Chain | Fayol 1916 — graded chain of authority from top to bottom | 2-mark definition Q |
| Unity of Command | Each employee → one superior only; Fayol | 2-mark or 5-mark |
| Unity of Direction | One head, one plan per activity; Fayol | Distinguish from Unity of Command |
| Span of Control | Graicunas 1933 — 5 subordinates = 100 relationships | Graicunas formula |
| Urwick's Recommendation | Senior levels: 5–6; Operational: 8–12 | Span of control |
| Tall vs Flat Organisation | Tall = narrow span, many levels; Flat = wide span, few levels | Organisation design |
| Delegation Elements | Task + Authority + Accountability; Louis Allen | 5-mark process Q |
| Fundamental Principle | Authority delegated; responsibility not — superior remains accountable | Exam answer |
| Centralisation | Decision at top — uniformity, crisis management | Advantages/disadvantages |
| Decentralisation | Power dispersed — local participation, responsiveness | 73rd/74th Amendments |
| 73rd Amendment (1992) | PRIs: 3 tiers, 29 subjects (11th Schedule), 33% women reservation | Decentralisation India |
| 74th Amendment (1992) | ULBs: Nagar Panchayat, Municipal Council, Corporation (12th Schedule) | Urban decentralisation |
| Balwant Rai Mehta | 1957 — first recommended 3-tier PRIs | Decentralisation history |
| Rajasthan PRIs | Nagaur, 1959 — India's first PRIs; 50% women reservation since 2009 | Rajasthan example |
| Coordination — Follett | Early, direct, continuing, reciprocal — 1933 | 5-mark Q |