G-20 (Group of Twenty)

6.1 G-20 Structure

Origins and Membership

G-20 was created in 1999 at the level of finance ministers and central bank governors, following the 1997–98 Asian financial crisis, to include major emerging economies in global economic governance. The first summit of heads of government was held in November 2008 (Washington D.C., in response to the global financial crisis).

Membership: 19 national members + EU (collective) + African Union (from September 2023)

The 19 national members: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, UK, USA.

No permanent secretariat — presidency rotates annually; host country provides secretariat. G-20 Troika: Current + immediate past + next presidency (continuity mechanism).

6.2 India's G20 Presidency (2023)

Theme: "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam — One Earth, One Family, One Future" (from Maha Upanishad)
Period: December 2022 to November 2023
Host city: New Delhi (September 9–10, 2023 Leaders' Summit at Bharat Mandapam)

Rajasthan's G20 Role

• Jaipur: Education Working Group; Tourism Working Group (Rajasthan is India's #1 tourism state)
• Jodhpur: Cultural Track meetings
• Udaipur: Education and Youth meetings
• Jaisalmer: Energy Transition Working Group meeting

Key New Delhi Declaration Outcomes

1. African Union admitted as permanent G20 member
2. IMEC (India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor) announced
3. Global Biofuels Alliance — 19 member countries + 12 international organisations
4. One Future Alliance — digital public infrastructure (DPI) sharing India's model globally
5. Ukraine language — consensus achieved (mentioning "human suffering" without assigning blame)
6. Debt relief for developing countries through "Common Framework"

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