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Glossary Terms
| Term (EN) | Definition | Exam Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) | Naxal/Maoist armed insurgency targeting Indian state; from 1967 Naxalbari | 5/10-mark |
| Naxalism | LWE movement; CPI(Maoist) as primary group | 5-mark |
| Red Corridor | Geography of LWE-affected districts: Chhattisgarh-Jharkhand-Odisha-AP | Context |
| SAMADHAN | MHA's LWE doctrine acronym (Smart leadership to No financing) | Context |
| NIA | National Investigation Agency; 2008; central counter-terrorism investigative body | 5-mark |
| UAPA | Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act 1967; primary anti-terrorism law; 2019: individual designation | 5/10-mark |
| AFSPA | Armed Forces Special Powers Act 1958; special powers in disturbed areas | 5-mark |
| 26/11 | Mumbai terrorist attacks Nov 2008; LeT; 166 killed; triggered NIA | 5/10-mark |
| CRPF | Central Reserve Police Force; 1939; India's largest CAPF; LWE+J&K+elections | 5-mark |
| BSF | Border Security Force; 1965; India-Pakistan and India-Bangladesh borders | 5-mark |
| ITBP | Indo-Tibetan Border Police; 1962; India-China border (3,488 km) | 5-mark |
| NSG | National Security Guard; 1984; Black Cat Commandos; counter-terrorism | 5-mark |
| CAPF | Central Armed Police Forces — CRPF, BSF, CISF, ITBP, SSB, NSG, NDRF | 5-mark |
| CERT-In | Computer Emergency Response Team India; Section 70B IT Act 2000 | 5-mark |
| NCIIPC | National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre; PMO/NTRO | 5-mark |
| APT | Advanced Persistent Threat — state-sponsored cyber espionage groups | Context |
| MAC | Multi-Agency Centre; IB-led intelligence fusion centre for counter-terrorism | Context |
| NSCN(IM) | National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Isak-Muivah); Naga insurgent group; 1997 ceasefire | Context |
| Operation Sindoor | May 2025; India's precision strikes on 9 Pakistan+POK terror camps post-Pahalgam attack | 5-mark |
| Pahalgam Attack | April 22, 2025; 26 tourists killed; Baisaran meadow; triggered Operation Sindoor | 5-mark |
| Hybrid Militancy | J&K model: ordinary civilians recruited for short-duration attacks; hard to detect | Context |
| Narco-terrorism | Terror funding through drug trade; Punjab-Pakistan-Afghanistan nexus | 5-mark |
| Golden Crescent | Drug production zone: Afghanistan-Pakistan-Iran; feeds Indian drug markets | Context |
| NDRF | National Disaster Response Force; 2005 DM Act; 16 battalions from CAPFs | Context |
| Prakash Singh Case | 2006 SC; 7 police reform directives; largely unimplemented | Context |
Sources: MHA Annual Reports 2023–24; National Investigation Agency annual data; LWE district data (MHA); CRPF/BSF/NSG official records; CERT-In Annual Reports 2022–23; AFSPA notifications; UAPA 1967 (Amendment 2019); Bru-Reang Agreement January 2020; Kovind Committee (simultaneous elections); SC — Extra Judicial Execution Victims Association v. UoI (2016); RPSC Mains PYQs 2013–2023.