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Quick Revision Table
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| India described as | "Union of States" (Art 1) — not "Federation" |
| Union List subjects | 100 — Parliament only |
| State List subjects | 61 — State Legislatures (primarily) |
| Concurrent List subjects | 52 — both; repugnancy: Central law prevails (Art 254) |
| Residuary powers | Parliament — Art 248 (not states — unlike USA) |
| Centre overrides State List via | Art 249, 250, 252, 253, 356 |
| 42nd Amendment state→concurrent | 5 subjects shifted: Education, Forests, Weights & Measures, Wild Animals, Justice in HCs |
| Article 356 | President's Rule — constitutional breakdown in state |
| Bommai case year | 1994 — 9-judge bench |
| Bommai key holding | Art 356 subject to judicial review; floor test mandatory |
| Sarkaria Commission year | 1983–87; Art 356 as last resort |
| Punchhi Commission year | 2007–10; Inter-State Council constitutional status recommended |
| Finance Commission — Art | Article 280 |
| 15th Finance Commission devolution | 41% of divisible pool to states (2020–26) |
| Cesses — divisible pool? | No — excluded; state grievance |
| GST Council — Article | Article 279A (101st Amendment 2016) |
| GST Council decision majority | 3/4 of votes; Centre = 1/3; States = 2/3 |
| NITI Aayog replaced | Planning Commission (2015) |
| Inter-State Council — Article | Article 263 — constituted 1990 |
| All India Services — Article | Article 312 — Rajya Sabha resolution |
| Governor appointment | By President on PM's advice; holds office at President's pleasure |
| S.R. Bommai significance | Ended political misuse of Art 356; judicial review of proclamation |