Public Sector Enterprises in Rajasthan's Mineral Sector

5.1 RSMML — Rajasthan State Mines & Minerals Limited

Established under the Rajasthan government, RSMML is the state's primary public sector mining enterprise. Headquartered at Udaipur, it operates four Strategic Business Units and Profit Centres (SBU & PC):

SBU	Location	Mineral	Revenue (Apr-Dec 2024)
Rock Phosphate	Jhamarkotra, Udaipur	Rock phosphate	₹719.32 crore
Limestone	Jodhpur	Cement/steel-grade limestone	₹194.09 crore
Gypsum	Bikaner	Agricultural/industrial gypsum	₹15.88 crore
Lignite	Jaipur (admin) / Barsingsar, Bikaner (operations)	Lignite (brown coal)	₹206.18 crore
Wind + Solar Power	Multiple sites	Renewable (106.3 MW wind + 5 MW solar)	₹25.37 crore
Total (unaudited)			₹2,125.46 crore

Source: Rajasthan Economic Review 2025-26, Table 5.5, Chapter 5

RSMML also contributes to CSR activities (₹2.56 crore up to December 2024) and earned a pre-tax profit of ₹762.63 crore (unaudited, up to December 2024). It contributed ₹221.42 crore to the government exchequer in the same period.

5.2 Hindustan Zinc Limited (HZL)

HZL is a Vedanta subsidiary (Government of India holds 29.54% stake; Vedanta holds ~64.9%). Its operations are entirely in Rajasthan:

• Mines: Zawar mines complex, Agucha, Sindesar Khurd, Rajpura-Dariba
• Smelters: Chanderiya (largest zinc-lead smelter in India), Debari, Dariba
• Products: Zinc metal, lead metal, silver, cadmium, sulfuric acid (byproduct)
• Sindesar Khurd is India's largest silver mine — at times producing >700 tonnes of silver annually

The Government of India's proposed disinvestment of its remaining 29.54% stake in HZL has been debated since 2022 — relevant as a current affairs angle.

5.3 Hindustan Copper Limited (HCL) — Khetri Operations

HCL (a PSU under Ministry of Mines) operates the Khetri Copper Complex in Jhunjhunu with the Kolihan and Chandmari mines plus a copper smelter at Khetri. Production has declined due to ore depletion, but government-backed revival is under consideration. Rajasthan holds India's 2nd largest copper ore reserves after Madhya Pradesh.

5.4 Rajasthan State Mineral Exploration Trust

A body focused on prospecting and exploration reforms within the Mines and Geology department. By December 2024, it had:

• Analysed 711 samples through tender + 3,650 samples in NABL-accredited laboratory
• Prepared 21 e-auction blocks
• Carried out 4,980 meters of core drilling for limestone and base metal exploration
• Total estimated expenditure: ₹7.57 crore

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