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Glossary Terms
| Term (EN) | Definition | Exam Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| MMDR Act 1957 | Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act; divides minerals into major (central) and minor (state) | Legal basis for mineral classification |
| Metallic Minerals | Minerals from which metals are extracted by smelting; Zinc, Lead, Copper, Silver, Iron, Manganese | Core classification for RPSC |
| Non-Metallic Minerals | Minerals used as raw material without metal extraction; Limestone, Marble, Gypsum, Rock Phosphate, Mica | Building materials; fertilizer inputs |
| Zawar Mines | Udaipur; India's only primary Lead-Zinc mines; operated by Hindustan Zinc Ltd (HZL/Vedanta) | India's sole Zn-Pb producer — PYQ fact |
| Hindustan Zinc Ltd (HZL) | Vedanta subsidiary; operates Zawar, Rajpura-Dariba, Sindesar Khurd; world's second-largest integrated zinc producer | Industrial operator for key minerals |
| Jhamarkotra | Udaipur; India's largest rock phosphate mine; ~200 million tonne reserves; RSMML operated | PYQ factual; fertilizer linkage |
| RSMML | Rajasthan State Mines & Minerals Ltd; 4 SBUs — Rock Phosphate (Jhamarkotra), Gypsum (Bikaner), Limestone (Jodhpur), Lignite (Barmer) | State PSE for minerals |
| Makrana Marble | Dolomitic marble from Makrana (Nagaur); Taj Mahal stone; India's finest white marble | Cultural + economic geography overlap |
| Khetri Copper Complex | Jhunjhunu; operated by Hindustan Copper Ltd (HCL); India's largest copper-producing complex | Copper geography in Rajasthan |
| DMFT | District Mineral Foundation Trust; created by MMDR Amendment 2015; welfare of mining-affected communities | ₹7,952.74 crore sanctioned in Rajasthan |
| Metallogenic Belt | Zone of geological concentration of ore deposits; Aravalli Range = Rajasthan's primary metallogenic belt | Explains why Udaipur-Rajsamand cluster has zinc-silver-copper |
| Wollastonite | Calcium silicate mineral; Rajasthan = India's ONLY producer (Sirohi, Ajmer); used in ceramics, plastics, paint | Sole producer fact — high PYQ probability |
| Lignite | Brown coal; low-carbon content; Bikaner (Gurha, Barri) deposits; RRVUNL power generation | Energy mineral of Rajasthan |
| Barmer Oil Field | Mangala, Bhagyam, Saraswati fields; Cairn India/Vedanta operated; 4.39 MMTPA; ~15% of India's crude | Current affairs + geography |
| Rajasthan Mineral Policy 2024 | Targets 70 minerals mined by 2047; 1 crore employment; e-auctions; critical mineral focus; GPS monitoring | Policy framework; 2024 current affairs |
| Open-Cast Mining | Surface mining method where overlying rock/soil (overburden) is stripped to reach ore; used for Lignite at Gurha, Marble at Makrana | Most common mining method in Rajasthan |
| Smelting | Pyrometallurgical process of extracting metal from ore using heat and reducing agents; Hindustan Zinc's smelters at Debari (Udaipur) and Chanderiya (Chittorgarh) | Links ore to finished metal; industrial geography |
| Ore Grade | Concentration of useful mineral in ore (% or g/tonne); higher grade = more economically viable; Rajasthan's zinc ores average 6–8% Zn | Economic viability of mineral extraction |
| Mining Lease | Legal authorisation granted by state government for mining major or minor minerals on a specified area for a fixed term; governed by MMDR Act | Regulatory framework; governance question |
| Beneficiation | Process of concentrating ore by removing gangue (waste rock) through crushing, screening, flotation; done at mine-site before smelting | Value addition before processing |
| Mineral Concession | Collective term for Reconnaissance Permit, Prospecting Licence, and Mining Lease under MMDR Act; gateway to mineral extraction rights | MMDR Act framework; legal classification |
Topic 88 of 138 | Paper II, Unit 3 — Earth Science / Geography & Geology | Generated: 2026-04-04