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Geography

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Natural Vegetation, Wildlife, Biodiversity of Rajasthan

Paper II · Unit 3 Section 11 of 14 0 PYQs 44 min

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Item Detail Source / Year
State Tree Khejri (Prosopis cineraria) Rajasthan Government Gazette
State Flower Rohida (Tecomella undulata) Rajasthan Government Gazette
State Bird Great Indian Bustard / Godawan (Ardeotis nigriceps) Rajasthan Government Gazette
State Animal Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) Rajasthan Government Gazette
Actual forest cover (ISFR 2023) 16,548.21 sq km = 4.84% of geographic area ISFR 2023, FSI
Forest + Tree cover (ISFR 2023) 27,389.33 sq km = ~8% ISFR 2023, FSI
Recorded forest area 33,014 sq km = 9.64% Rajasthan Forest Dept.
Forest classification split Reserved 36.95%, Protected 56.43%, Unclassified 6.62% Rajasthan Forest Dept. 2024
Dominant forest type Tropical Thorn Forest (~65%) Champion & Seth 1968 classification
National Parks count 3 (Ranthambhore, Sariska, Mukundra Hills) Wildlife Protection Act 1972
Desert National Park area 3,162 sq km — India's largest national park in mainland India (Hemis NP, Ladakh UT ~4,400 sq km is larger) 1981 notification
Keoladeo Ghana designations Ramsar (1981) + UNESCO WHS (1985) Ramsar Convention; UNESCO
Keoladeo size 28.73 sq km Rajasthan Forest Dept.
Tiger Reserves count 3 (Ranthambhore, Sariska, Mukundra) NTCA
Ranthambhore tiger count 88 tigers (2022 All-India Tiger Census) NTCA 2022
Sariska tiger translocation 2008 — first tiger translocation in India, from Ranthambhore Project Tiger records
Sariska tigers lost All tigers vanished by 2004–05 due to poaching WII Report 2005
Wildlife Sanctuaries 26 Rajasthan Forest Dept. 2024
Tal Chhapar area 7.19 sq km; blackbuck density ~10,000+ Rajasthan Forest Dept.
Sambhar Lake Ramsar wetland (1990); seasonal flamingo habitat Ramsar Convention
GIB global population <150; Rajasthan: 90–100 WII Survey 2023
SC GIB power line order April 2021; underground cabling in 10,000 sq km Priority Area SC Writ Petition 838/2019
Khejarli Massacre year 1730 CE; Amrita Devi Bishnoi; 363 martyrs from 83 villages Historical records
Bishnoi founder Guru Jambheshwar (1451–1536), Pipasar village (Nagaur) Historical records
Bishnoi commandments 29 (bish-noi = 20+9); include prohibition on cutting green trees Bishnoi Panth tradition
CRESEP project JICA-funded; ₹1,774.30 crore; 19 districts; GIB + Oran focus Eco. Review 2025-26 Ch.7
RFBDP project AFD (France)-funded; ₹1,693.91 crore; 13 districts, 800 villages Eco. Review 2025-26 Ch.7
VFPMC count 6,508 committees; 14.94 lakh hectares protected Eco. Review 2025-26 Ch.7
EDC count 770 Eco-Development Committees around protected areas Eco. Review 2025-26 Ch.7
BMC count 160 Biodiversity Management Committees (CRESEP) Eco. Review 2025-26 Ch.7
Tree plantation 2024-25 1,18,369.29 ha (147.41% of target); 578.67 lakh seedlings Eco. Review 2025-26 Ch.7
Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam 5.62 crore saplings (target 3 crore) Eco. Review 2025-26 Ch.7
Aravalli Corridor length 800+ km; connects Sariska–Ranthambhore WII corridor assessment
Khejri coverage ~4.5 million hectares in Rajasthan Rajasthan Forest Dept. est.
Project Tiger launch year 1973; PM Indira Gandhi; 9 original reserves incl. Ranthambhore, Sariska Project Tiger records
India tiger population 2022 3,682 (vs 1,827 in 2006) NTCA All-India Tiger Census 2022
Orans (sacred groves) 25,000+ patches; 5–10 lakh ha; CRESEP conserving 10,000 ha CRESEP Project docs
Plant Micro Reserves 3,000 ha for RET species CRESEP/Rajasthan Forest Dept.
Mount Abu forests 700+ plant species; 288 sq km Wildlife Sanctuary; Rajasthan's biodiversity island Mount Abu WLS notification
Khejri Bachao Andolan February 2026; Jodhpur, Barmer, Nagaur; opposing infrastructure felling News reports, Feb 2026