Introduction and Syllabus Scope

The RPSC 2026 syllabus for Paper II, Unit 3 (Earth Science) covers Rajasthan's climate under Part C. This topic demands three-layered knowledge: climatic characteristics (temperature, rainfall, humidity, winds), climate classification (Köpppen system applied to Rajasthan, and the regional zone-based Indian classification), and controlling factors (latitude, Aravalli barrier, distance from sea, monsoon tracks). The examiner's focus is always Rajasthan-first — the state's extreme climatic contrasts, from the hyperarid Thar to the sub-humid southeast, make it one of the most climatically diverse states in India.

Tier 3 PYQ status (2/5 exams, avg 2.0 marks/year) indicates moderate but consistent examination presence. RPSC has asked both narrow 5-mark questions (define Loo; name coldest/hottest places) and analytical 10-mark questions (factors controlling Rajasthan's climate; monsoon characteristics). The 2026 syllabus revision elevates climate change as a sub-theme, making it likely to appear prominently.

Scope boundaries: Topic #83 (physiography) provides the landform basis — the Aravalli, Thar, and plains that explain rainfall distribution. Topic #85 (natural vegetation) is directly determined by climatic zones — a student must understand this topic to answer vegetation questions. Topic #87 (agriculture) depends heavily on monsoon timing, Western Disturbances, and drought frequency. Do not re-explain physiography or vegetation details here; cross-reference them.

This chapter covers: climatic controls, Köpppen classification, regional climate zones, seasonal patterns, temperature and rainfall distribution, Western Disturbances, drought and famine, and climate change impacts on Rajasthan.

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