Introduction & Scope

Topic 72 covers India's achievements in space (ISRO) and defence (DRDO/missiles) — both of which have been regularly tested. The 2026 exam is likely to feature Chandrayaan-3 (August 2023 landmark), Gaganyaan (upcoming crewed mission), Aditya-L1 (solar mission), and drone policy — all post-2022 developments not fully captured in earlier papers.

Scope Precision

• Scope: India — this topic requires India-specific facts (mission dates, satellite names, missile names, policy year, budget).
• Generic orbital mechanics belongs to Topic 68; Vikram Sarabhai/APJ Kalam biography belongs to Topic 71.
• This topic focuses on operational programs, missions, and outcomes.
• Chemical/biological weapons are conceptual (global treaties) but examined in India's context (India's ratification, OPCW membership).