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Quick Revision Table
| Concept | Key Fact | RPSC Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| Cell theory | 1838–39; Schleiden & Schwann; "all life from cells" | Cell biology basics |
| Photosynthesis | 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → glucose + O₂; chloroplast | Plant physiology |
| Nitrogen fixation | Rhizobium (legumes), Azotobacter (soil), Anabaena | Plant nutrition |
| Blood group O | Universal donor — no antigens | Transfusion compatibility |
| Blood group AB | Universal recipient — no antibodies | Transfusion compatibility |
| Landsteiner | ABO blood groups, 1900; Nobel 1930 | Blood group discovery |
| Recombinant Insulin | Humulin, 1982; E. coli; first recombinant drug | Biotechnology milestone |
| Bt cotton | India 2002; first approved GMO; ~90% cotton area | GMO policy |
| CRISPR Nobel | Doudna & Charpentier; Chemistry 2020 | CRISPR 5-mark |
| CASGEVY | First CRISPR drug; FDA Dec 2023; sickle cell | CRISPR application |
| FelUDA | CSIR-IGIB; CRISPR-based COVID test; 2021 | India-specific biotech |
| mRNA Nobel | Karikó & Weissman; Physiology 2023 | mRNA vaccine 5-mark |
| ZyCoV-D | World's first DNA vaccine; India; Aug 2021 | India vaccine achievement |
| Jaipur Foot | 1968; Dr. P.K. Sethi; 1.3 million+ users, 26 countries | Artificial organs / Rajasthan |
| Fermentation | Alcoholic (yeast): ethanol + CO₂; Lactic (bacteria): yogurt | Fermentation 5-mark |