Key Points at a Glance

Media ethics demands adherence to accuracy, impartiality, independence, and accountability; threats include paid news (political/corporate capture of editorial content), fake news (misinformation), and media concentration (monopolisation reducing diversity). / ** ** , , ; — ** **, ** **, ** **

Bureaucratic accountability in a liberal society operates through multiple channels: legislative scrutiny (Parliament/Assembly questions, PAC), judicial review (writs, PILs), executive oversight (Lokpal, ACB), and citizen mechanisms (RTI, grievance portals). / ** ** : , (PIL), ,