Aspirant Academy

Society, Management and Accounting

Predicted Questions with Model Answers

Human Resource Management: Planning, Recruitment, Selection, Training, Appraisal & Modern Trends

Paper I · Unit 3 Section 10 of 12 0 PYQs 22 min
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Predicted Questions with Model Answers

Q1 (5 marks) — What is Human Resource Planning? Explain its process.

Model Answer:
HRP ensures the right people are available at the right time to meet goals. Steps: (1) Environmental scanning (PESTLE); (2) Analyse objectives; (3) Forecast demand (Delphi, trend analysis); (4) Forecast supply (skills inventory, Markov analysis); (5) Gap analysis; (6) Implement programs — recruit, retrain, or redeploy. HRP prevents both costly over-staffing and performance-damaging under-staffing. (50 words)

Q2 (5 marks) — Distinguish between recruitment and selection.

Model Answer:
Recruitment attracts candidates from internal sources (promotion, transfer, referrals) and external sources (Naukri.com — 80M+ CVs, campus, agencies) — a positive process. Selection is a negative elimination process: screening, testing, interviewing, and offering the job to the best fit. Recruitment creates the talent pool; selection filters it. Together they constitute the staffing function of HRM. (51 words)

Q3 (5 marks) — What is 360-degree feedback? What are its advantages?

Model Answer:
360-Degree Feedback evaluates an employee through ratings from self, peers, subordinates, supervisors, and customers. Advantages: (1) Holistic performance view; (2) Reduces single-rater bias; (3) Identifies blind spots; (4) Encourages self-reflection and career development. Used by 90% of Fortune 1000 companies, it is especially valuable for leadership development and identifying high-potential employees. (50 words)

Q4 (5 marks) — What is training? Explain on-the-job training methods.

Model Answer:
Training builds job-specific skills for current roles. OJT methods: (1) Job Rotation — moves employee across departments; (2) Coaching — supervisor gives real-time guidance; (3) Mentoring — long-term senior relationship; (4) Apprenticeship — 1–4 year programme (Apprentices Act 1961); (5) Job Shadowing — working alongside a role for succession. OJT is cost-effective and job-relevant. (48 words)

Q5 (5 marks) — What are India's Four Labour Codes? Why were they enacted?

Model Answer:
India merged 44 labour laws into four codes (2019-2020): (1) Wages 2019 — minimum wage, equal pay; (2) Industrial Relations 2020 — disputes, unions, retrenchment (threshold raised to 300); (3) Social Security 2020 — EPF, ESI, gig workers; (4) Occupational Safety 2020 — factory/mine standards. Goal: ease compliance, expand coverage, modernise governance. (46 words)

Q6 (5 marks) — What is Kirkpatrick's training evaluation model? Explain its levels.

Model Answer:
Kirkpatrick's Model (1959) evaluates training at four levels: (1) Reaction — trainee satisfaction (feedback form); (2) Learning — knowledge acquired (pre/post tests); (3) Behaviour — transfer to job performance (supervisor observation); (4) Results — business impact (productivity, error rate, absenteeism). Higher levels are harder to measure but give stronger ROI evidence for training investment decisions. (52 words)