सार्वजनिक अनुभाग पूर्वावलोकन
शब्दावली
| Term (EN) | शब्द (HI) | Definition | Exam Relevance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dingal | डिंगल | Literary form of Marwari used by Charan court bards in western Rajasthan; characterised by the Kavitta meter, heroic themes, and Raso/Veli genres | High — PYQ 2021 (Charan literature); distinguish from Pingal |
| Pingal | पिंगल | Eastern Rajasthani literary tradition influenced by Braj Bhasha; cultivated in Mewar and Jaipur courts; uses lyrical meters (Savayya, Chhappay) and devotional themes | High — required distinction with Dingal |
| Raso | रासो | Martial epic in Dingal tradition; praise poem for a Rajput ruler incorporating genealogy, battles, and romance episodes; Charan-composed | High — Prithviraj Raso; defines the genre |
| Veli | वेलि | Dingal lyrical-narrative form celebrating a specific event or mythological story; Veli Krishan Rukmini ri by Rathore Prithviraj is the classic example | Medium — genre terminology |
| Vat | वात | Short Rajasthani prose narrative based on historical or legendary events; oral-recitation style with embedded verse; transmits genealogical data and moral maxims | High — PYQ 2023 |
| Vachnika | वचनिका | Semi-prose, semi-verse Rajasthani historical narrative; prose narrates events, verse expresses emotional peaks; associated with Munhata Nainsi's chronicles | High — PYQ 2023 |
| Khyat | ख्यात | Historical chronicle in Rajasthani prose documenting Rajput clan genealogies, battles, and court events; Munhata Nainsi ri Khyat is the most important example | High — frequently tested |
| Charan | चारण | Hereditary caste of court bards, genealogists, and historians in Rajasthan; custodians of Rajput oral-literary tradition; composers of Dingal texts; held semi-divine social status | High — PYQ 2021 (Charan literature) |
| Apabhramsha | अपभ्रंश | Late Middle Indo-Aryan language (c. 6th–13th century CE), the immediate predecessor of both Rajasthani and Gujarati; documented by Hemachandra's grammar | Medium — linguistic history |
| Old Rajasthani | पुरानी राजस्थानी | Literary language of 12th–15th century Rajasthan; also called Gujjar-Apabhramsha or Old Western Rajasthani; represented by Kanhad De Prabandh (1455 CE) | Medium — language periodisation |
| Prithviraj Raso | पृथ्वीराज रासो | Major Dingal heroic epic by Chand Bardai (~16,306 verses, 69 chapters); narrates Prithviraj III Chahamana's battles and romance; 12th–13th century with later additions | High — landmark text |
| Kanhad De Prabandh | कान्हड़दे प्रबंध | Earliest precisely dated Old Rajasthani narrative poem (1455 CE) by Padmanabha; describes the 1311 CE siege of Jalor by Alauddin Khilji | High — oldest dated text |
| Veli Krishan Rukmini ri | वेलि क्रिशन रुक्मिणी री | Dingal lyrical epic by Rathore Prithviraj "Pithal" (c. 1610 CE); narrates Krishna-Rukmini story; called "5th Veda and 19th Purana"; represents apex of Dingal art | High — PYQ 2018 style questions |
| Munhata Nainsi | मुनहता नैनसी | Jodhpur dewan (1610–1670 CE) and historian; authored Nainsi ri Khyat and Marwar ra Pargana ri Vigat; called "Abul Fazl of Rajasthan" | High — historical figure |
| Vamsh Bhaskar | वंश भास्कर | ~20,000-verse poetic chronicle by Surya Mal Mishran (1842–1868 CE) documenting the Bundi ruling dynasty; longest Rajasthani poetic text | Medium — 19th century literature |
| Rupayan Sansthan | रूपायन संस्थान | Folk literary archive established 1958 at Borunda (Jodhpur) by Vijay Dan Detha and Komal Kothari; holds 15,000+ recorded folk songs and 500+ folk instrument recordings | High — institutional knowledge |
| Batan ri Phulwari | बातां री फुलवारी | 14-volume anthology of 800+ Rajasthani folk tales by Vijay Dan Detha "Bijji"; magnum opus of modern Rajasthani prose literature | Medium — modern literature |
| 8th Schedule | आठवीं अनुसूची | Schedule 8 of the Indian Constitution listing 22 officially recognised languages; Rajasthani demands inclusion — currently excluded despite Rajasthan Assembly's 2003 unanimous resolution | High — directly tested likely 2026 |
| 92nd Constitutional Amendment | 92वाँ संविधान संशोधन | Constitutional amendment of 2003 adding Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santali to the 8th Schedule — Rajasthani was excluded despite comparable or larger speaker population | High — context for 8th Schedule demand |
| Marwari | मारवाड़ी | Largest Rajasthani dialect; spoken in Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner, Nagaur, Churu; ~1.4 crore speakers (Census 2011); basis for Dingal literary tradition | High — dialect classification |
| Meera Bai | मीराबाई | 15th–16th century Rajput queen-saint (c. 1498–1547 CE); composed ~250 bhajans in Braj Bhasha and Rajasthani in the Saguna Krishna-bhakti tradition | High — literary-religious overlap |
| Dhundhari | ढूँढाड़ी | Eastern Rajasthani dialect spoken in Jaipur, Dausa, Tonk; also called Jaipuri; sub-dialects include Ajmeri (Tonkati) — tested in RPSC 2023 | High — PYQ 2023 (dialect names) |
| Rajasthan Sahitya Academy | राजस्थान साहित्य अकादमी | State body established 1958 at Udaipur; promotes Rajasthani literature through awards (including Meera Award), publications, and its journal Madhumati | Medium — institutional knowledge |