Practice 143 Climate multiple-choice questions with detailed answers and explanations. Ideal for RAS/RPSC exam preparation.
Q1. The retreating monsoon season in India is associated with:
Explanation
The retreating monsoon (October-November) is characterized by northeast winds. It brings rainfall to Tamil Nadu coast (especially Coromandel coast) through northeast monsoon.
Q2. The ITCZ in January is located approximately where?
Explanation
In January (Northern Hemisphere winter), the ITCZ shifts to the Southern Hemisphere, roughly between 15°-20°S, following the apparent movement of the sun. It is over northern Australia, southern Africa, and South America. In July, it shifts north to about 25°N over India.
Q3. Which of the following is the correct order of seasons in India as per the IMD?
Explanation
The IMD recognizes four seasons in India: (1) Cold weather season (January-February), (2) Hot weather season (March-May), (3) Southwest monsoon season (June-September), and (4) Retreating monsoon/Post-monsoon season (October-December). This reflects India's monsoon-dominated climate.
Q4. Which of the following correctly describes the rain shadow effect in relation to the Western Ghats?
Explanation
The Western Ghats create a classic rain shadow effect. The windward (western) slopes facing the Arabian Sea branch of the SW monsoon receive 200-400 cm rainfall. After crossing the ghats, the descending dry air on the leeward (eastern/Deccan) side results in much lower rainfall (50-100 cm), creating a rain shadow zone.
Q5. El Nino refers to:
Explanation
El Nino (meaning 'The Boy Child' in Spanish) is the abnormal warming of sea surface temperatures (SST) in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. It typically weakens the Indian monsoon by altering Walker Circulation and reducing the pressure gradient that drives monsoon winds.
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Q6. With reference to Cyclone Montha (October 2025), consider the following statements: 1. It formed over the Arabian Sea and made landfall on the Gujarat coast. 2. The cyclone's name was contributed by Thailand, meaning 'fragrant flower'. 3. It caused damage estimated at over ₹63,000 crore and affected 43,000 hectares of crops. Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Q7. Mawsynram in Meghalaya is famous as:
Q8. The Konkan Coast receives heavy rainfall due to:
Q9. Which of the following correctly describes the El Nino phenomenon?
Q10. The Western Disturbances that bring winter rainfall to north India originate from:
Q11. El Niño is characterized by:
Q12. Which type of rainfall is most common in India?
Q13. The Indian monsoon is an example of which wind system?
Q14. The Jet Stream that influences the Indian monsoon is:
Q15. The El Niño effect on Indian monsoon is:
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