RPSC Senior Teacher
161 key terms for this subject — each defined in plain language, with where it helps in the exam and a link to the study note it comes from.
- Adjoint matrix
The transpose of the cofactor matrix of a square matrix. It is used with the determinant to find the inverse of a non-singular square matrix.
Where it helps High: matrices and determinants
Read the study note →- Adjustment
Adjustment is the learner's ability to manage personal, social, emotional, and academic demands in a balanced and constructive manner.
Read the study note →- Afsana
Afsana is the modern short story form in Urdu. Writers such as Manto, Bedi, Premchand and Krishan Chander are commonly studied through it.
Read the study note →- Alankar
A poetic ornament based on sound or meaning, such as simile, metaphor, pun, exaggeration, doubt, or apparent contradiction.
Read the study note →- Alankara
A figure of speech used to create beauty or force in poetry. Identification depends on lakshana and examples, especially upama, rupaka, utpreksha, shlesha, yamaka and anupraasa.
Read the study note →- Aligarh Movement
The Aligarh Movement, associated with Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, encouraged modern education, rational prose and reformist debate after 1857.
Read the study note →- Aptitude
Specific potential or readiness to learn and perform well in a particular field, such as language, mathematics, music, mechanics, leadership, or art.
Read the study note →- Aruz
Aruz is the classical system of prosody used to scan Urdu, Persian and related poetry. It studies metre, weight and rhythmic units.
Read the study note →- At-risk child
A child whose personal, family, school, peer, or community conditions increase the possibility of learning, adjustment, behavioural, or safety problems.
Read the study note →- Audio-lingual method
A language-teaching method based on listening, repetition, mimicry, pattern drills and habit formation, especially for oral structures.
Read the study note →- Bayes theorem
A theorem that reverses conditional probabilities by using prior probabilities and likelihoods. It is useful in selection, diagnosis, and cause-probability questions.
Where it helps High: probability
Read the study note →- Bhaktikal
The major devotional period of Hindi literature, broadly associated with nirgun and sagun streams and poets such as Kabir, Tulsidas, Surdas, and Meera.
Read the study note →- Blueprint
A test-design table that distributes questions or marks across content areas, objectives and difficulty levels to make assessment balanced.
Where it helps Teaching methods
Read the study note →- Canal
A canal is an artificial waterway constructed to connect water bodies or shorten navigation routes. Suez and Panama are the most important world geography examples.
Where it helps Navigation and strategic routes
Read the study note →- Caste
A birth-based and usually endogamous social group linked with hierarchy, occupation, social identity and local rules of interaction.
Read the study note →- Cauchy-Riemann equations
Equations connecting the real and imaginary parts of a complex function. Under suitable assumptions, they help test complex differentiability and analyticity.
Where it helps Medium: complex analysis
Read the study note →- Chhand
The metrical structure of verse, organised through matra or varna pattern, pause, rhythm, and traditional poetic form.
Read the study note →- Classical Conditioning
Learning by association in which a neutral stimulus comes to produce a response after repeated pairing with a natural stimulus.
Where it helps Explains learned emotional responses, school signals and subject-related fear or liking.
Read the study note →- Classroom Climate
Classroom climate is the emotional, social, and instructional atmosphere of the class, shaped by safety, fairness, participation, respect, discipline, and teacher-learner relations.
Where it helps Effective teaching
Read the study note →- Colonial Safeguards
Powers reserved for the Governor-General, Governors and British authorities to override, restrict or suspend responsible government under colonial constitutional Acts.
Where it helps Explains nationalist criticism of both Acts
Read the study note →- Communicative approach
An English-teaching approach that emphasises meaningful communication, real-life tasks, interaction, functional language and communicative competence.
Read the study note →- Constructivist Learning
Learning in which the learner actively builds meaning through prior knowledge, experience, inquiry, collaboration, reflection and guided support.
Where it helps Directly named in the RPSC learning syllabus and teacher-implication questions.
Read the study note →- Continent
A continent is one of the major large landmasses of Earth. In the common seven-continent scheme used for school and exam geography, the continents are Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Australia.
Where it helps Basic map and order questions
Read the study note →- Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation
An evaluation approach that gathers regular formative and summative evidence about scholastic and co-scholastic development instead of relying only on one final test.
Read the study note →- Coriolis Force
The Coriolis force is the apparent deflection of moving air or water caused by Earth's rotation: to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
Where it helps Wind direction and currents
Read the study note →- Counselling orientation
A supportive approach that listens, understands causes, guides self-control, teaches alternatives, protects dignity, and refers serious cases to specialists.
Read the study note →- Cyclic quadrilateral
A quadrilateral whose vertices lie on one circle. Its opposite angles are supplementary, a property often used in circle-theorem questions.
Read the study note →- Denudation
The combined wearing down of land by weathering, mass movement, erosion and deposition through agents such as rivers, wind, glaciers and waves.
Where it helps Physical geography
Read the study note →- Determiner
A word placed before a noun to limit or specify reference, such as a, the, this, some, many, each and every. Determiners often decide countability and definiteness.
Read the study note →- Devanagari
The standard script used for modern Hindi, written from left to right with vowels, consonants, matras, conjuncts, and related orthographic signs.
Read the study note →- Dhamma
Ashoka's ethical policy expressed through inscriptions, stressing moral conduct, respect, welfare and restraint rather than a narrow sectarian doctrine.
Read the study note →- Diagnostic assessment
Assessment used to locate the exact cause of a learning difficulty, such as concept gap, language barrier, procedural error, poor retention, or low confidence.
Read the study note →- Diagnostic teaching
Teaching that first identifies the type and cause of learner errors before planning correction, practice, and remedial activities.
Read the study note →- Diagnostic test
A test designed to identify learning gaps, misconceptions, and error patterns so that remedial teaching can be planned.
Where it helps High: assessment
Read the study note →- Diarchy
A system of dual government in which subjects are divided between two authorities. In India, the 1919 Act introduced diarchy in provinces through reserved and transferred subjects.
Where it helps Most-tested feature of the 1919 Act
Read the study note →- Differentiated instruction
Teaching that adjusts examples, pace, support, grouping, tasks, or response formats so diverse learners can work toward meaningful objectives.
Read the study note →- Directive Principles
Constitutional guidelines for state policy that aim at social and economic justice but are not directly enforceable by courts.
Where it helps Indian Constitution
Read the study note →- Discriminant
For ax^2 + bx + c = 0, the expression b^2 - 4ac indicates the nature of roots when coefficients are real and a is non-zero.
Where it helps High: quadratic equations
Read the study note →- Doldrums
Doldrums are the weak and variable wind conditions near the equatorial low-pressure belt, where warm moist air rises and trade winds converge.
Where it helps Equatorial low and ITCZ
Read the study note →- Dramatic monologue
A poem or speech in which one speaker addresses a silent listener in a specific situation, indirectly revealing the speaker's character and motives.
Read the study note →- Educational Psychology
Educational psychology is the application of psychological principles to educational situations, especially learner development, learning, motivation, classroom behaviour, adjustment, assessment, and effective teaching.
Read the study note →- Enrichment
Learning extension beyond the minimum syllabus through projects, wider reading, experiments, puzzles, debates, creative work, and problem-solving tasks.
Read the study note →- Equivalence relation
A relation that is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. It partitions a set into equivalence classes and is a standard bridge from school relations to abstract algebraic thinking.
Where it helps Medium: relations and functions
Read the study note →- Euclid division lemma
A result stating that for integers a and positive b, unique integers q and r exist such that a = bq + r and 0 <= r < b. It underlies the Euclidean algorithm for highest common factor.
Where it helps High: number systems and divisibility
Read the study note →- Federal Court
A court provided under the 1935 constitutional framework that functioned from 1937 to 1950. It was an institutional predecessor, not the same body as the Supreme Court of India.
Where it helps Institution question and Constitution link
Read the study note →- Federal Scheme
The 1935 Act's proposed all-India federation of British Indian provinces and princely states. It is important because it was designed in law but did not come into operation.
Where it helps Common correct/incorrect statement area
Read the study note →- Feedback
Feedback is specific information given to learners about what is correct, what needs improvement, and how performance can be improved.
Where it helps Remedial teaching
Read the study note →- Flexible grouping
Temporary grouping of learners according to task, need, interest, or readiness, changed regularly to avoid fixed labels and support learning.
Read the study note →- Formative evaluation
Evaluation conducted during instruction to diagnose difficulties, give feedback and improve learning before the final judgement of achievement.
Read the study note →- Fundamental theorem of arithmetic
The theorem that every integer greater than 1 is either prime or has a unique prime factorisation apart from the order of factors. It is central to HCF, LCM, and irrationality arguments.
Where it helps High: school foundations
Read the study note →- Gifted learner
A learner with outstanding potential or performance in one or more areas, identified through multiple sources rather than marks alone.
Read the study note →- Gothic
A mode of writing associated with terror, mystery, haunted spaces, psychological fear, transgression and dark atmosphere.
Read the study note →- Gurmukhi script
Gurmukhi is the principal script used for Punjabi in Indian schooling; it uses consonant letters with vowel signs and special markers to represent Punjabi sounds.
Where it helps Script, matra and orthography questions
Read the study note →- Horse Latitudes
Horse latitudes are subtropical high-pressure zones near about 30 degrees north and south, marked by descending dry air and generally weak winds.
Where it helps Desert belts and pressure belts
Read the study note →- Iham
Iham is a rhetorical device using a word or phrase with more than one possible meaning, often making the nearer and farther meanings interact.
Read the study note →- Inclusive Classroom
An inclusive classroom provides fair participation, dignity, support, and learning access to learners with varied abilities, backgrounds, needs, and paces.
Where it helps Classroom implication
Read the study note →- Inclusive education
Education in which schools and classrooms adapt to diverse abilities, backgrounds, languages, and needs so that all learners participate meaningfully.
Read the study note →- Indian Independence Act 1947
The British statute that provided the legal framework for transfer of power and the creation of the Dominions of India and Pakistan. It should not be confused with the 1935 Act.
Where it helps Final chronology trap
Read the study note →- Individual differences
Relatively stable variations among learners in ability, aptitude, interest, personality, intelligence, creativity, learning pace, language, background, motivation, and emotional adjustment.
Read the study note →- Indus Valley Civilization
An early urban civilization of north-western South Asia known for town planning, drainage, seals, weights, craft production and major sites such as Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Dholavira and Kalibangan.
Read the study note →- Inflation
A sustained rise in the general price level that reduces purchasing power and may arise from excess demand, rising costs or structural supply constraints.
Where it helps Money and banking
Read the study note →- Information Processing
A cognitive view of learning that studies attention, perception, working memory, long-term memory, storage and retrieval.
Where it helps Explains memory, attention and overload in classroom learning.
Read the study note →- Insight Learning
Learning that occurs through sudden understanding of relations within a problem rather than by slow random trial alone.
Where it helps Associated with Gestalt learning and problem-solving examples.
Read the study note →- Interest
A learner's preferred direction of attention and engagement, which increases effort, persistence, and willingness to participate in learning activities.
Read the study note →- Intertropical Convergence Zone
The Intertropical Convergence Zone is the shifting tropical belt where trade winds from both hemispheres meet, air rises, clouds form and seasonal rainfall belts develop.
Where it helps Tropical rainfall and monsoon linkage
Read the study note →- Isteaara
Isteaara is metaphor, where one thing is presented through another without an explicit comparison marker. It creates compressed poetic meaning.
Read the study note →- Jangnama
Jangnama is a literary account of war or conflict that combines historical memory with poetic treatment of courage, loss and leadership.
Where it helps Medieval martial literature
Read the study note →- Kafi
Kafi is a lyrical poetic form strongly associated with Punjabi Sufi expression, spiritual longing and accessible musical language.
Where it helps Literary-form and Sufi-poetry questions
Read the study note →- Karaka
The semantic relation between an action and a participant, such as karta, karman, karana, sampradana, apadana and adhikarana. It controls many vibhakti-correction and translation questions.
Read the study note →- Kavya-dosh
A defect that weakens poetic expression through harshness, crudeness, obscurity, excessive complexity, or improper order.
Read the study note →- Kavya-gun
A quality that improves poetic expression, commonly discussed through madhurya, ojas, and prasada in Hindi poetics.
Read the study note →- Kinaya
Kinaya is indirect expression in which the stated words point toward a second intended meaning. It is important for interpreting layered prose and poetry.
Read the study note →- Krit suffix
A suffix added mainly to verbal roots to form nouns, adjectives or indeclinable verbal forms, such as क्त, क्तवतु, तुमुन्, क्त्वा, ल्यप् and ल्युट्.
Read the study note →- Labelling
Fixing a learner's identity with terms such as dull, lazy, problem child, or even gifted in ways that narrow expectations and harm self-concept.
Read the study note →- Lagakhar
Lagakhar are subjoined or attached signs used in Gurmukhi orthography for special consonantal combinations, especially forms linked with ha, ra and va.
Where it helps Ligature and conjunct-letter recognition
Read the study note →- Lagrange mean value theorem
A theorem connecting the average rate of change of a differentiable function on an interval with its instantaneous rate of change at some interior point, under required continuity and differentiability conditions.
Read the study note →- Lakaras
Verbal tense-mood categories. The prescribed senior-teacher Sanskrit scope focuses on लट्, लृट्, लोट्, लङ् and विधिलिङ् for selected roots and padas.
Read the study note →- Latitude
Angular distance north or south of the equator, used to locate places and explain heat zones, solar angle and broad climatic patterns.
Where it helps Geography basics
Read the study note →- Learning
A relatively permanent change in behaviour, knowledge, skill, habit, interest or attitude that occurs through experience, practice and interaction with the environment.
Where it helps Core definition; used in almost every theory, factor and classroom implication question.
Read the study note →- Learning Process
The learning process refers to how learners acquire, organize, retain, recall, apply, and transfer knowledge, skills, attitudes, and habits through experience and instruction.
Read the study note →- Legitimacy
The belief that a rule, institution or authority is rightful and deserves obedience, making power more acceptable and stable.
Where it helps Political theory
Read the study note →- Lesson plan
A lesson plan is the teacher's structured design for objectives, previous knowledge, aids, presentation, learner activity, evaluation and follow-up work.
Where it helps Teaching-methods and evaluation items
Read the study note →- LSRW skills
LSRW refers to listening, speaking, reading and writing, the four integrated language skills that structure classroom Punjabi teaching.
Where it helps Punjabi pedagogy
Read the study note →- Maheshvara sutras
Fourteen compact sound sequences used in the Paninian tradition to form pratyaharas such as अच् and हल्. They are the starting grid for many grammar rules in Laghu Siddhanta Kaumudi-oriented study.
Read the study note →- Majhi
Majhi is the central Punjabi dialect associated with the Majha region and is commonly treated as the base for standard Punjabi in formal educational and literary contexts.
Where it helps Dialect identification and standard-language comparison
Read the study note →- Mansabdari
A Mughal ranking and service system in which officials held numerical ranks connected with status, military obligation and salary arrangements.
Where it helps Mughal administration
Read the study note →- Maqta
Maqta is the closing couplet of a ghazal, often containing the poet's pen-name or takhallus. It is useful in author and form recognition.
Read the study note →- Marginal Sea
A marginal sea is a sea partly enclosed by land, islands or submarine ridges but connected to a larger ocean, such as the Mediterranean Sea, Caribbean Sea, Arabian Sea or South China Sea.
Where it helps Map and strategic geography
Read the study note →- Marsiya
Marsiya is elegiac poetry, especially associated in Urdu with Karbala and the Lucknow tradition. Mir Anees and Mirza Dabir are central names.
Read the study note →- Masnavi
Masnavi is a narrative poem in rhyming couplets, suited to extended stories because each couplet can carry its own rhyme pattern.
Read the study note →- Matla
Matla is the opening couplet of a ghazal. In the matla, both lines usually carry the rhyme-refrain pattern that later couplets repeat in the second line.
Read the study note →- Matra
A matra is a vowel sign attached to a consonant or vowel carrier in Gurmukhi to indicate a specific vowel sound.
Where it helps Script usage and spelling rules
Read the study note →- Maturation
Natural biological growth of the body and nervous system that creates readiness for some activities but is not itself learned through practice.
Where it helps Important for distinguishing learning from natural development.
Read the study note →- Metaphor
A figure of speech that presents one thing as another to suggest shared qualities. Unlike a simile, it usually does not use like or as.
Read the study note →- Modal auxiliary
An auxiliary verb such as can, may, must, should or ought to that expresses ability, possibility, permission, obligation, advice or inference.
Read the study note →- Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
The reform proposals associated with Secretary of State Edwin Montagu and Viceroy Lord Chelmsford that formed the basis of the Government of India Act 1919. They promised limited Indian participation while keeping decisive control with British authorities.
Where it helps Core label for the 1919 Act
Read the study note →- Motivation
Motivation is the internal or external force that initiates, directs, sustains, or stops learner behaviour toward a goal.
Where it helps High-frequency concept
Read the study note →- Nastaliq
Nastaliq is the calligraphic style commonly associated with printed and handwritten Urdu. For exam purposes, it matters because Urdu letters join contextually and many letter forms differ by dots or position.
Read the study note →- National income
The money value of final goods and services produced by an economy in a given period, measured through product, income or expenditure approaches.
Read the study note →- Negative marking
A scoring rule under which marks are deducted for wrong answers; the Senior Teacher Social Science Paper-II syllabus specifies deduction of one-third of the marks prescribed for a wrong answer.
Read the study note →- Negative Transfer
A situation in which earlier learning interferes with or obstructs later learning or performance.
Where it helps Useful for error-analysis questions involving wrong application of old rules.
Read the study note →- Nishkam karma
The Bhagavad Gita's idea of performing one's duty without attachment to the fruits of action.
Read the study note →- Normal subgroup
A subgroup invariant under conjugation by elements of the group. Normal subgroups are required for constructing quotient groups.
Where it helps Medium: abstract algebra
Read the study note →- Observational Learning
Learning that occurs by watching a model, retaining the observed behaviour and later reproducing it when motivated.
Where it helps Central to social-cognitive theory and modelling questions.
Read the study note →- Ocean Basin
An ocean basin is a large depression occupied by ocean water and its submarine relief, including continental shelves, abyssal plains, ridges, trenches and seamounts.
Where it helps Ocean relief and map identification
Read the study note →- Ocean current
A large-scale movement of ocean water, warm or cold, that affects climate, navigation, marine life and fishing grounds.
Read the study note →- Operant Conditioning
Learning in which voluntary behaviour is strengthened or weakened by its consequences, especially reinforcement and punishment.
Where it helps Useful for classroom management, habit formation and reinforcement questions.
Read the study note →- Phonetic transcription
A symbol-based representation of pronunciation. It helps distinguish sounds, silent letters, stress and contrasts such as ship and sheep or thin and then.
Read the study note →- Phrasal verb
A verb-plus-particle expression whose meaning is often idiomatic, such as give up, look after, put off or carry out. It must be learnt through usage.
Read the study note →- Polar Easterlies
Polar easterlies are cold winds flowing outward from polar high-pressure areas toward subpolar low-pressure belts, with an easterly component caused by Earth's rotation.
Where it helps Planetary wind sequence
Read the study note →- Positive Transfer
A situation in which earlier learning helps later learning or improves performance in a new context.
Where it helps Common in cross-subject classroom examples such as ratio supporting percentage.
Read the study note →- Pratyahara
A technical abbreviation formed from the first sound and a final it marker in the Maheshvara sutras. अच् denotes vowels and हल् denotes consonants, making many sutras brief and exact.
Read the study note →- Pressure Belt
A pressure belt is a broad latitudinal zone of relatively high or low atmospheric pressure, produced by unequal heating, vertical air movement and global circulation.
Where it helps Global wind system
Read the study note →- Principal value
The selected value of an inverse trigonometric function within its defined range. It prevents ambiguity when many angles have the same trigonometric ratio.
Where it helps Medium: inverse trigonometry
Read the study note →- Progressive Writers' Movement
The Progressive Writers' Movement emphasized social justice, anti-colonial feeling, labour, poverty and realism in modern Urdu and Indian literature.
Read the study note →- Provincial Autonomy
The 1935 Act's replacement for provincial diarchy, giving elected provincial ministries a wider sphere of responsibility while retaining Governors' safeguards and discretionary powers.
Where it helps Most-tested feature of the 1935 Act
Read the study note →- Public Service Commission
An institutional mechanism for recruitment to public services. Colonial provisions developed into the constitutional framework for Union and State Public Service Commissions in independent India.
Where it helps Institutional continuity with the Constitution
Read the study note →- Qafia
Qafia is the rhyme that comes immediately before the radif in a ghazal or related poem. Recognizing qafia helps identify the formal pattern of a couplet.
Read the study note →- Qissa
Qissa is a narrative romance or tale in Punjabi literature, often built around legendary lovers, social conflict, fate and moral tension.
Where it helps Medieval literature and author-work matching
Read the study note →- Radif
Radif is the repeated refrain in a ghazal, appearing after the rhyme in the required couplet positions. It is a frequent clue in ghazal-structure questions.
Read the study note →- Ras
The aesthetic relish produced in poetry or drama through emotional components such as sthayi bhav, vibhav, anubhav, and sanchari bhav.
Read the study note →- Rasa
Rasa is the aesthetic emotional essence produced by a literary work, traditionally studied through nine major emotional modes.
Read the study note →- Realism
A literary movement or tendency that represents ordinary life, society and character with credible detail rather than idealised romance or fantasy.
Read the study note →- Reflective Teaching
Reflective teaching is the teacher's habit of examining classroom evidence, learner response, errors, and assessment results to improve future teaching.
Where it helps Effective teaching
Read the study note →- Reinforcement
A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated in a similar situation.
Where it helps Frequently tested with reward, feedback, praise and classroom behaviour examples.
Read the study note →- Remedial Action
Remedial action is targeted support planned after identifying learning gaps, repeated errors, weak prerequisites, or misconceptions in learners.
Where it helps Classroom situations
Read the study note →- Remedial teaching
Targeted teaching after diagnosis, designed to correct specific learning gaps in pronunciation, spelling, grammar, reading, or expression.
Read the study note →- Reserved Subjects
Provincial subjects under the 1919 Act kept under the Governor and executive councillors, usually including stronger areas such as law and order, police, justice, revenue and finance-linked matters.
Where it helps Explains why 1919 did not create real responsible government
Read the study note →- Ritikal
A period of Hindi literature associated with courtly poetics, shringar, nayak-nayika analysis, ornate expression, and poets such as Bihari.
Read the study note →- Romanticism
A literary movement stressing imagination, emotion, nature, individuality and common life, often treated as a reaction against excessive rational order.
Read the study note →- Samas
A compound formation in which two or more words combine into a shorter expression with a specific grammatical or semantic relation.
Read the study note →- Samasa
A compound formation that condenses two or more words into one unit. The exam stresses type identification and vigraha across avyayibhava, tatpurusha, karmadharaya, dvigu, dvandva and bahuvrihi.
Read the study note →- Sandhi
A sound-combination process in which adjacent sounds or word parts join and produce a modified form, such as vowel or consonant combination.
Read the study note →- Savarna
Sounds sharing the same place and effort of articulation. Savarna knowledge explains vowel lengthening in rules such as अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः and helps avoid mechanical sandhi mistakes.
Read the study note →- Scaffolding
Temporary instructional support that helps learners perform a task beyond their independent level and is gradually withdrawn as competence develops.
Where it helps A key constructivist and facilitative teaching principle.
Read the study note →- Scalar triple product
The product a dot (b cross c), representing the signed volume of the parallelepiped formed by three vectors. It is also used to test coplanarity.
Where it helps High: vector algebra
Read the study note →- Self-Efficacy
A learner's belief in the ability to organize effort and succeed in a particular task or situation.
Where it helps Explains persistence, confidence and motivation in social-cognitive theory.
Read the study note →- Separate Electorates
An electoral arrangement in which members of a community vote separately for their own representatives. It is especially associated with 1909 and continued in later colonial electoral arrangements.
Where it helps Chronology and communal representation trap
Read the study note →- Shabd-shakti
The power of a word to convey direct, indicated, or suggested meaning through abhidha, lakshana, and vyanjana.
Read the study note →- Simile
A figure of speech that makes an explicit comparison using words such as like or as. It is recognised by direct comparison rather than implied identity.
Read the study note →- Simon Commission
The Indian Statutory Commission appointed in 1927 to review the working of the 1919 reforms. It was boycotted because it had no Indian members and influenced later constitutional proposals.
Where it helps Chronology between 1919 and 1935
Read the study note →- Simplex method
An algorithmic method for solving linear programming problems by moving among feasible corner solutions to improve the objective function until an optimum is reached.
Where it helps Medium: linear programming
Read the study note →- Slow learner
A learner who needs more time, concrete support, repetition, and feedback to master school learning, without being treated as permanently incapable.
Read the study note →- Span of control
The number of subordinates or units that a superior can effectively supervise in an administrative organization.
Where it helps Public Administration
Read the study note →- Strait
A strait is a natural narrow water passage connecting two larger water bodies. Gibraltar, Hormuz, Malacca, Bering and Bab-el-Mandeb are important examples for world map questions.
Where it helps Trade routes and map matching
Read the study note →- Stream of consciousness
A narrative technique that attempts to represent the continuous flow of thoughts, memories, impressions and associations inside a character's mind.
Read the study note →- SVOCA
A clause-analysis frame that identifies Subject, Verb, Object, Complement and Adverbial. It helps classify sentence patterns and recognise how phrases and clauses function inside a sentence.
Read the study note →- Tadbhav
A word historically derived from Sanskrit through Prakrit and Apabhramsha development, usually appearing in a changed modern Hindi form.
Read the study note →- Taddhita suffix
A secondary nominal suffix added to a noun base to express relation, possession, comparison, quality or abstraction. Syllabus examples include मतुप्, वतुप्, त्व, तल्, तरप् and तमप्.
Read the study note →- Tashbih
Tashbih is simile, an explicit comparison between two things. It is tested as a basic figure of speech in Urdu rhetoric.
Read the study note →- Tatsam
A word taken from Sanskrit into Hindi with little or no phonetic change, often used in formal, literary, or technical registers.
Read the study note →- TPCK
Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge: the integrated knowledge a teacher needs to use technology in ways that fit both mathematics content and sound pedagogy.
Where it helps High: mathematics pedagogy
Read the study note →- Trade Winds
Trade winds are tropical easterly winds blowing from subtropical high-pressure belts toward the equatorial low-pressure belt, as northeast trades in the Northern Hemisphere and southeast trades in the Southern Hemisphere.
Where it helps Planetary winds and rainfall
Read the study note →- Transfer of Learning
The influence of previous learning on new learning or on performance in a different situation.
Where it helps Tests often classify positive, negative, zero, near or far transfer.
Read the study note →- Transferred Subjects
Provincial subjects under the 1919 Act administered by ministers chosen from elected members of the legislature, commonly including education, public health, local self-government and agriculture.
Where it helps Key contrast with reserved subjects
Read the study note →- Trial and Error
A form of learning in which repeated attempts, mistakes and successful responses gradually shape correct behaviour or skill.
Where it helps Linked with Thorndike and common in skill-learning examples.
Read the study note →- Underachievement
Performance below a learner's apparent potential, often linked with low challenge, poor habits, emotional stress, perfectionism, peer pressure, or weak support.
Read the study note →- Uniform convergence
A type of convergence of functions where the same stage in the sequence works for all points of the domain within a chosen error bound. It is stronger than pointwise convergence.
Where it helps Medium: real analysis
Read the study note →- Vaar
Vaar is a Punjabi ballad or heroic narrative form used for martial, historical, devotional or communal themes.
Where it helps Early literature and form identification
Read the study note →- Varna-vyavastha
The organised account of Hindi sounds and letters, including vowels, consonants, order, pronunciation, and written representation in Devanagari.
Read the study note →- Westerlies
Westerlies are prevailing mid-latitude winds that blow from west to east between subtropical highs and subpolar lows, especially strong and continuous over the Southern Ocean.
Where it helps Mid-latitude weather and ocean currents
Read the study note →